Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents: A systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
systematic literature review; adolescent prosocial behavior, forming factors
Abstract
A systematic literature review was conducted to understand adolescents' prosocial behavior. Using the PRISMA approach and involving 38 Scopus databases, research results from various contexts show that prosocial behavior has a significant positive impact. Content analysis using VosViewer revealed social influence, cognitive development, moral socialization, empathy, and self-regulation as factors related to adolescent prosocial behavior. Longitudinal studies highlight gender differences in the development of adolescent prosocial behavior. Empathic attention is important in the relationship between the ability to take perspective and prosocial behavior. The role of the family environment is also important in shaping adolescent prosocial behavior. Positive parenting, high acceptance, and positive interactions between parents and children are associated with increased prosocial behavior. Social relationships and friendships influence the development of prosocial behavior. Adolescents with high prosocial behavior have a higher quality of friendship and well-being. A holistic approach involving the family, school, and community environment is needed to improve adolescent prosocial behavior. Programs and interventions should consider gender differences, cognitive and social development, social environment, and the quality of interpersonal relationships. The findings provide valuable insights into prosocial behavior in adolescents and the importance of factors that influence it.
Keywords : systematic literature review; adolescent prosocial behavior, forming factors
References
References
Bandura, A. (1971). Social Learning Theory. In General Learning Coprporation. General Learning Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315744902-26
Batson, C. D., Duncan, B. D., Ackerman, P., Buckley, T., & Birch, K. (1981). Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.2.290
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. In Genetic Psychology Monographs (Vol. 75, pp. 43–88). Heldref Publications.
Carlo, G., Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nielson, M. G. (2015). Longitudinal bidirectional relations between adolescents’ sympathy and prosocial behavior. Developmental Psychology, 51(12), 1771–1777. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000056
Chen, X., Fu, R., & Zhao, S. (2015). Culture and socialization. In Handbook of socialization: Theory and research, 2nd ed. (pp. 451–471). The Guilford Press.
Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The Impact of Enhancing Students’ Social and Emotional Learning: A Meta-Analysis of School-Based Universal Interventions. Child Development, 82(1), 405–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial Development. In Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development, Vol. 3, 5th ed. (pp. 701–778). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Espino-Díaz, L., Fernández-Caminero, G., Hernández-Lloret, C. M., González-González, H., & Álvarez-Castillo, J. L. (2021). Emotional intelligence and executive functions in the prediction of prosocial behavior in high school students. An interdisciplinary approach between neuroscience and education. Children, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090759
Greitemeyer, T. (2011). Effects of prosocial media on social behavior: When and why does media exposure affect helping and aggression? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411415229
Kadafi, A., Wiyono, B. B., Muslihati, & Ramli, M. (2021). Improving Prosocial Behavior Through Virtual Media Based on Religious Values in Elementary School Students. Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim Dergisi, 11(4), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.11.04.22
Longobardi, C., Settanni, M., Lin, S., & Fabris, M. A. (2021). Student–teacher relationship quality and prosocial behaviour: The mediating role of academic achievement and a positive attitude towards school. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(2), 547–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12378
Lysenstøen, C., Bøe, T., Hjetland, G. J., & Skogen, J. C. (2021). A Review of the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Online Prosocial Behavior Among Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(September). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.579347
Memmott-Elison, M. K., Holmgren, H. G., Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Hawkins, A. J. (2020). Associations between prosocial behavior, externalizing behaviors, and internalizing symptoms during adolescence: A meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 80(November 2019), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.012
Memmott-Elison, M., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Yorgason, J. B., & Coyne, S. M. (2020). Intra-individual associations between intentional self-regulation and prosocial behavior during adolescence: Evidence for bidirectionality. Journal of Adolescence, 80(May 2019), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.001
Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Carlo, G. (2014). Prosocial Development: A Multidimensional Approach (L. M. Padilla-Walker & G. Carlo (eds.)). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199964772.001.0001
Pati, D., & Lorusso, L. N. (2018). How to Write a Systematic Review of the Literature. Health Environments Research and Design Journal, 11(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586717747384
Paulin, M., Ferguson, R. J., Schattke, K., & Jost, N. (2014). Millennials, Social Media, Prosocial Emotions, and Charitable Causes: The Paradox of Gender Differences. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 26(4), 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2014.965069
Pfeiffer, J. P., Pinquart, M., & Krick, K. (2016). Social Relationships, Prosocial Behaviour, and Perceived Social Support in Students From Boarding Schools. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 31(4), 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573516630303
Putnick, D. L., Marc H. Bornstein, Jennifer E. Lansford, & Lei Chang. (2017). Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Child Prosocial Behavior: Developmental Transactions across the Transition to Adolescence in Nine Countries, Mothers and Fathers, and Girls and Boys. Physiology & Behavior, 176(3), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.014.CagY
Putra, I. G. N. E., Astell-Burt, T., Cliff, D. P., Vella, S. A., & Feng, X. (2021). Association between caregiver perceived green space quality and the development of prosocial behaviour from childhood to adolescence: Latent class trajectory and multilevel longitudinal analyses of Australian children over 10 years. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 74(February), 101579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101579
Schoeps, K., Mónaco, E., Cotolí, A., & Montoya-Castilla, I. (2020). The impact of peer attachment on prosocial behavior, emotional difficulties and conduct problems in adolescence: The mediating role of empathy. PLoS ONE, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227627
Son, D., & Padilla‑Walker, L. M. (2020). Correction to: Happy Helpers: A Multidimensional and Mixed‑Method Approach to Prosocial Behavior and Its Effects on Friendship Quality, Mental Health, and Well‑Being During Adolescence (Journal of Happiness Studies, (2020), 21, 5, (1705-1723), 10.1007/s10. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(5), 1725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00174-y
Van der Graaff, J., Carlo, G., Crocetti, E., Koot, H. M., & Branje, S. (2018). Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence: Gender Differences in Development and Links with Empathy. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(5), 1086–1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0786-1
Van Ryzin, M. J., Gravely, A. A., & Roseth, C. J. (2009). Autonomy, belongingness, and engagement in school as contributors to adolescent psychological well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9257-4
Xiao, S. X., Hashi, E. C., Korous, K. M., & Eisenberg, N. (2019). Gender differences across multiple types of prosocial behavior in adolescence: A meta-analysis of the prosocial tendency measure-revised (PTM-R). Journal of Adolescence, 77(September), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.09.003
Yang, F. (2021). Coping strategies, cyberbullying behaviors, and depression among Chinese netizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based nationwide survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281(June 2020), 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.023
Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Liu, D., & Wang, Z. (2020). Chinese college students’ parental attachment, peer attachment, and prosocial behaviors: The moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Biological Psychology, 150(199), 107844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107844
Bandura, A. (1971). Social Learning Theory. In General Learning Coprporation. General Learning Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315744902-26
Batson, C. D., Duncan, B. D., Ackerman, P., Buckley, T., & Birch, K. (1981). Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.2.290
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. In Genetic Psychology Monographs (Vol. 75, pp. 43–88). Heldref Publications.
Carlo, G., Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nielson, M. G. (2015). Longitudinal bidirectional relations between adolescents’ sympathy and prosocial behavior. Developmental Psychology, 51(12), 1771–1777. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000056
Chen, X., Fu, R., & Zhao, S. (2015). Culture and socialization. In Handbook of socialization: Theory and research, 2nd ed. (pp. 451–471). The Guilford Press.
Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The Impact of Enhancing Students’ Social and Emotional Learning: A Meta-Analysis of School-Based Universal Interventions. Child Development, 82(1), 405–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial Development. In Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development, Vol. 3, 5th ed. (pp. 701–778). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Espino-Díaz, L., Fernández-Caminero, G., Hernández-Lloret, C. M., González-González, H., & Álvarez-Castillo, J. L. (2021). Emotional intelligence and executive functions in the prediction of prosocial behavior in high school students. An interdisciplinary approach between neuroscience and education. Children, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090759
Greitemeyer, T. (2011). Effects of prosocial media on social behavior: When and why does media exposure affect helping and aggression? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411415229
Kadafi, A., Wiyono, B. B., Muslihati, & Ramli, M. (2021). Improving Prosocial Behavior Through Virtual Media Based on Religious Values in Elementary School Students. Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim Dergisi, 11(4), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.11.04.22
Longobardi, C., Settanni, M., Lin, S., & Fabris, M. A. (2021). Student–teacher relationship quality and prosocial behaviour: The mediating role of academic achievement and a positive attitude towards school. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(2), 547–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12378
Lysenstøen, C., Bøe, T., Hjetland, G. J., & Skogen, J. C. (2021). A Review of the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Online Prosocial Behavior Among Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(September). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.579347
Memmott-Elison, M. K., Holmgren, H. G., Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Hawkins, A. J. (2020). Associations between prosocial behavior, externalizing behaviors, and internalizing symptoms during adolescence: A meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 80(November 2019), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.012
Memmott-Elison, M., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Yorgason, J. B., & Coyne, S. M. (2020). Intra-individual associations between intentional self-regulation and prosocial behavior during adolescence: Evidence for bidirectionality. Journal of Adolescence, 80(May 2019), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.001
Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Carlo, G. (2014). Prosocial Development: A Multidimensional Approach (L. M. Padilla-Walker & G. Carlo (eds.)). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199964772.001.0001
Pati, D., & Lorusso, L. N. (2018). How to Write a Systematic Review of the Literature. Health Environments Research and Design Journal, 11(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586717747384
Paulin, M., Ferguson, R. J., Schattke, K., & Jost, N. (2014). Millennials, Social Media, Prosocial Emotions, and Charitable Causes: The Paradox of Gender Differences. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 26(4), 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2014.965069
Pfeiffer, J. P., Pinquart, M., & Krick, K. (2016). Social Relationships, Prosocial Behaviour, and Perceived Social Support in Students From Boarding Schools. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 31(4), 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573516630303
Putnick, D. L., Marc H. Bornstein, Jennifer E. Lansford, & Lei Chang. (2017). Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Child Prosocial Behavior: Developmental Transactions across the Transition to Adolescence in Nine Countries, Mothers and Fathers, and Girls and Boys. Physiology & Behavior, 176(3), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.014.CagY
Putra, I. G. N. E., Astell-Burt, T., Cliff, D. P., Vella, S. A., & Feng, X. (2021). Association between caregiver perceived green space quality and the development of prosocial behaviour from childhood to adolescence: Latent class trajectory and multilevel longitudinal analyses of Australian children over 10 years. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 74(February), 101579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101579
Schoeps, K., Mónaco, E., Cotolí, A., & Montoya-Castilla, I. (2020). The impact of peer attachment on prosocial behavior, emotional difficulties and conduct problems in adolescence: The mediating role of empathy. PLoS ONE, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227627
Son, D., & Padilla‑Walker, L. M. (2020). Correction to: Happy Helpers: A Multidimensional and Mixed‑Method Approach to Prosocial Behavior and Its Effects on Friendship Quality, Mental Health, and Well‑Being During Adolescence (Journal of Happiness Studies, (2020), 21, 5, (1705-1723), 10.1007/s10. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(5), 1725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00174-y
Van der Graaff, J., Carlo, G., Crocetti, E., Koot, H. M., & Branje, S. (2018). Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence: Gender Differences in Development and Links with Empathy. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(5), 1086–1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0786-1
Van Ryzin, M. J., Gravely, A. A., & Roseth, C. J. (2009). Autonomy, belongingness, and engagement in school as contributors to adolescent psychological well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9257-4
Xiao, S. X., Hashi, E. C., Korous, K. M., & Eisenberg, N. (2019). Gender differences across multiple types of prosocial behavior in adolescence: A meta-analysis of the prosocial tendency measure-revised (PTM-R). Journal of Adolescence, 77(September), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.09.003
Yang, F. (2021). Coping strategies, cyberbullying behaviors, and depression among Chinese netizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based nationwide survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281(June 2020), 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.023
Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Liu, D., & Wang, Z. (2020). Chinese college students’ parental attachment, peer attachment, and prosocial behaviors: The moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Biological Psychology, 150(199), 107844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107844
Published
2023-06-27
