Overcoming Student Engagement Barriers of E-learning: A Literature Review Study
Keywords:
Student Engagement, E-learning Barriers, Literature Review, Teacher Skill
Abstract
The E-learning challenge that teachers frequently confronted as facilitators in the classroom is student engagement. There is a lack of direct engagement between teachers and students, challenges in designing learning instructional materials, and constraints in developing student relationships in virtual environments are challenges that teachers must encounter. This article aims to examine the obstacles experienced by teachers when attempting to facilitate student engagement in e-learning and how to overcome them to enhance the quality of e-learning based on previous studies. This research method uses a literature study on how to overcome barriers to student engagement that can be pursued by teachers from relevant sources. This research collects and analyzes articles, journals, books, and research reports related to the obstacles experienced by teachers in e-learning. The factors analyzed include barriers to student engagement in e-learning, how teachers manage e-learning challenges, and what kinds of abilities must teachers possess to succeed with challenges in e-learning. The results of this study found obstacles in the form of a lack of teacher skills in managing technology and building interaction in the classroom. Efforts to overcome these problems require several skills that must be possessed by teachers, namely: 1) Technological Competency, 2) Design of Learning Materials and Teaching Strategies, 3) Self Efficacy 4) Online Communication and Collaboration. This research recommends that teachers take action to facilitate students and provide constructive feedback to help them achieve learning goals. This research contributes to teachers' efforts to increase student engagement in the context of e-learning.
References
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Akcaoglu, M., & Lee, E. (2016). Increasing preservice teachers' self-efficacy beliefs for technology integration through lesson planning practice. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 48(3), 164-183.
Ageel, M., & Woollard, J. (2012). Enhancing University Teachers’ Information and Communication Technology Usage by Using a Virtual Learning Environment Training Course. In International Technology, Education and Development Conference (pp. 5599–5606). Valencia, Spain
Ambarwati, D., Wibowo, U. B., Arsyiadanti, H., & Susanti, S. (2022). Studi Literatur: Peran Inovasi Pendidikan pada Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Digital. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 8(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v8i2.43560
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Appleton, J. J., Christenson, S. L., & Furlong, M. J. (2008). Student engagement with school: Critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 369-386.
Artino, A. R., Yamazaki, K., & Durning, S. J. (2020). Web-conferencing in medical education: A systematic review. Medical Education, 54(12), 1184-1196.
Baran, E. (2014). A Review of Research on Mobile Learning in Teacher Education, Journal of Educational Technology & Society. 17(4). 17-32.
Bernard, R. M., et al. (2014) The Impact of Student Engagement on Learning Outcomes in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis. International Review of Research in Open and Disributed Learning. 15(4). 133-160.
Chen, G. D., Chang, C. K., & Wang, H. H. (2013). Factors influencing junior high school teachers' intention to use web-based learning: A case study of teachers in Taiwan. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 12(4), 229-240.
Chen, P.S.D.; Lambert, A.D.; Guidry, K.R. (2010). Engaging online learners: The impact of Web-based learning technology on college student engagement. Comput. Educ. 54, 1222–1232.
Cho, M.H.; Cho, Y. (2014) Instructor scaffolding for interaction and students’ academic engagement in online learning: Mediating role of perceived online class goal structures. Int. High. Educ. 21, 25–30.
Choi, H. J., & Johnson, S. D. (2005). The effect of context-based video instruction on learning and motivation in online courses. The American Journal of Distance Education, 19(4), 215-227.
Eristi, S. D., Kurt, A. A., & Dindar, M. (2012). Teachers ’ views about effective use of technology in classrooms. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 3(2), 30–41.
Eom, S.B., Ashill, N., & Wen, H.J. (2006). The determinants of students’ perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction in university online education: An empirical investigation. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 4(2), 215-235.
Garett, R., Eccles, K., & Elliott, D. (2020). How do students engage with online learning? A review of research on engagement in online learning. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(2), 183-213.
Gasaymeh, A.-M., Al-hasanat, H., Kraishan, O., & Abutayeh, K. (2017). Motivational Factors Affecting the Integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education by Faculty Members: A Developing Country Perspective International Journal of Education, 9(3),
Hasan, S.F., & Ali, S. (2018). Barriers and Challenges in Implementing E-learning Systems in Educational Instutions. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 6(5). 963-968.
Hew, K. F., & Cheung, W. S. (2020). Student engagement in online learning: A review of the literature and exploratory study of online learning experiences. Distance Education, 41(3), 317-343.
Huang, R. H., Liu, D. J., Tlili, A., Yang, J. F., & Wang, H. H. (2019). Handbook on facilitating flexible learning during educational disruption: The Chinese experience in maintaining undisrupted learning in COVID-19 outbreak. Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University.
Jaggars, S. S., & Xu, D. (2016) . The Impact of Student Engagement of Educcational Outcomrd in Online Learning Environment. Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia Universiy.
Jung, I., Choi, S., Lim, C., & Leem, J. (2020). Effects of a blended learning approach on student outcomes in a graduate-level online educational technology course. Computers & Education, 144, 103697.
J. Soares, R. M. Rees. (2020). The Digital Divide and Educational Equity: A Look at Students with Limited Access to Technology. The Journal of Higher Education
Karabenick, S. A., & Peck, A. C. (2019). Factors contributing to student engagement in online learning. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 31(1), 143-160.
Karal, H., & Kokoc, M. (2021). Turkish pre-service science teachers' attitudes towards online learning: A qualitative study. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 9(2), 217-232.
Kim, T.D.; Yang, M.Y.; Bae, J.; Min, B.A.; Lee, I.; & Kim, J. Escape from infinite freedom: Effects of constraining user freedom on the prevention of dropout in an online learning context. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2017, 66, 217–231
Kuo, Y.-C., & Kuo, Y.-C. (2020). The Relationship Between Student Satisfaction and Academic Achievement in Online Learning. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 16(2), 353-369.
Kusuma, A. W., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Hubungan antara Kecemasan Siswa dengan Keterlibatan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran di Kelas [Relationship between Student Anxiety and Student Engagement in Classroom Learning]. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 9(2), 1-8
Leeds, E.; Campbell, S.; Baker, H.; Ali, R.; Brawley, D.; Crisp, J. The impact of student retention strategies: An empirical study. Int. J. Manag. Educ. 2013, 7, 22–43.
Lowenthal, P. R., & White, J. W. (2020). Teacher presence. In The online learning idea book: 95 proven strategies for enhancing technology-based and blended learning (pp. 135-141). Jossey-Bass.
Mansourian, Y., & Pihlainen-Bednarik, K. (2021). Elements of good online learning design: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 26(4), 3969-3995.
Revere, L., & Kovach, J. V. (2011). Online technologies for engaged learning: A meaningful synthesis for educators. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12(2), 113-124.
Richter, M. Zawacki D. L. Kyndt, T. J. Hemmi. (2019). Teacher Time Allocation and Its Influence on Student Engagement in Online Learning. Distance Education.
Robinson, C.C.; Hullinger, H. (2008) New benchmarks in higher education: Student engagement in online learning. J. Educ. Bus. 84, 101–109. [CrossRef]
Skinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., & Furrer, C. J. (2009). A motivational perspective on engagement and disaffection: Conceptualization and assessment of children's behavioral and emotional participation in academic activities in the classroom. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(3), 493-525.
Swan, K. (2001). Virtual interaction: Design factors affecting student satisfaction and perceived learning in asynchronous online courses. Distance Education, 22(2), 306-331.Akbar, A., & Noviani, N. (2019). Tantangan dan Solusi dalam Perkembangan Teknologi Pendidikan di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pgri Palembang, 2(1), 18–25.
Mukaromah, D., Sugiyo, & Mulawarman. (2018). Keterlibatan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran ditinjau dari Efikasi Diri dan Self Regulated Learning. Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application, 7(2), 14–19. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jbk
Villegas-Puyod, J., Sharma, S., Ajah, S., Chaisanrit, M., & Skuldee, B. (2020). The Role of Teacher Support, Classmate Support, and Self-efficacy in Reducing Speaking Anxiety among University Students Using English as a Foreign Language. Human Behavior Development & Society, 21(3), 59–68. http://simsrad.net.ocs.mq.edu.au/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=146377304&site=ehost-live
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wang, Y., Wang, R., & Lu, J. (2022). Exploring the Impact of University Student Engagement on Junior Faculty’s Online Teaching Anxiety and Coping Strategies during COVID-19. Education Sciences, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100664
X. Wang, Y. Li, Z. Wang Sumber. (2019). The Impact of Teachers' Time Constraints on Student Participation in Online Learning Environments. Journal of Educational Computing Research
Yang, Y. T., & Wu, W. C. V. (2012). Digital storytelling for enhancing student academic achievement, critical thinking, and learning motivation: A year-long experimental study. Computers & Education, 59(2), 339-352.
Akcaoglu, M., & Lee, E. (2016). Increasing preservice teachers' self-efficacy beliefs for technology integration through lesson planning practice. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 48(3), 164-183.
Ageel, M., & Woollard, J. (2012). Enhancing University Teachers’ Information and Communication Technology Usage by Using a Virtual Learning Environment Training Course. In International Technology, Education and Development Conference (pp. 5599–5606). Valencia, Spain
Ambarwati, D., Wibowo, U. B., Arsyiadanti, H., & Susanti, S. (2022). Studi Literatur: Peran Inovasi Pendidikan pada Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Digital. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 8(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v8i2.43560
Anderson, A., Huttenlocher, D., Kleinberg, J., & Leskovec, J. (2014). Engagement in online communities: Predicting tenure and participation in FutureLearn MOOCs. In Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Learning@ scale conference (pp. 71-80).
Appleton, J. J., Christenson, S. L., & Furlong, M. J. (2008). Student engagement with school: Critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 369-386.
Artino, A. R., Yamazaki, K., & Durning, S. J. (2020). Web-conferencing in medical education: A systematic review. Medical Education, 54(12), 1184-1196.
Baran, E. (2014). A Review of Research on Mobile Learning in Teacher Education, Journal of Educational Technology & Society. 17(4). 17-32.
Bernard, R. M., et al. (2014) The Impact of Student Engagement on Learning Outcomes in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis. International Review of Research in Open and Disributed Learning. 15(4). 133-160.
Chen, G. D., Chang, C. K., & Wang, H. H. (2013). Factors influencing junior high school teachers' intention to use web-based learning: A case study of teachers in Taiwan. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 12(4), 229-240.
Chen, P.S.D.; Lambert, A.D.; Guidry, K.R. (2010). Engaging online learners: The impact of Web-based learning technology on college student engagement. Comput. Educ. 54, 1222–1232.
Cho, M.H.; Cho, Y. (2014) Instructor scaffolding for interaction and students’ academic engagement in online learning: Mediating role of perceived online class goal structures. Int. High. Educ. 21, 25–30.
Choi, H. J., & Johnson, S. D. (2005). The effect of context-based video instruction on learning and motivation in online courses. The American Journal of Distance Education, 19(4), 215-227.
Eristi, S. D., Kurt, A. A., & Dindar, M. (2012). Teachers ’ views about effective use of technology in classrooms. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 3(2), 30–41.
Eom, S.B., Ashill, N., & Wen, H.J. (2006). The determinants of students’ perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction in university online education: An empirical investigation. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 4(2), 215-235.
Garett, R., Eccles, K., & Elliott, D. (2020). How do students engage with online learning? A review of research on engagement in online learning. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(2), 183-213.
Gasaymeh, A.-M., Al-hasanat, H., Kraishan, O., & Abutayeh, K. (2017). Motivational Factors Affecting the Integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education by Faculty Members: A Developing Country Perspective International Journal of Education, 9(3),
Hasan, S.F., & Ali, S. (2018). Barriers and Challenges in Implementing E-learning Systems in Educational Instutions. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 6(5). 963-968.
Hew, K. F., & Cheung, W. S. (2020). Student engagement in online learning: A review of the literature and exploratory study of online learning experiences. Distance Education, 41(3), 317-343.
Huang, R. H., Liu, D. J., Tlili, A., Yang, J. F., & Wang, H. H. (2019). Handbook on facilitating flexible learning during educational disruption: The Chinese experience in maintaining undisrupted learning in COVID-19 outbreak. Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University.
Jaggars, S. S., & Xu, D. (2016) . The Impact of Student Engagement of Educcational Outcomrd in Online Learning Environment. Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia Universiy.
Jung, I., Choi, S., Lim, C., & Leem, J. (2020). Effects of a blended learning approach on student outcomes in a graduate-level online educational technology course. Computers & Education, 144, 103697.
J. Soares, R. M. Rees. (2020). The Digital Divide and Educational Equity: A Look at Students with Limited Access to Technology. The Journal of Higher Education
Karabenick, S. A., & Peck, A. C. (2019). Factors contributing to student engagement in online learning. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 31(1), 143-160.
Karal, H., & Kokoc, M. (2021). Turkish pre-service science teachers' attitudes towards online learning: A qualitative study. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 9(2), 217-232.
Kim, T.D.; Yang, M.Y.; Bae, J.; Min, B.A.; Lee, I.; & Kim, J. Escape from infinite freedom: Effects of constraining user freedom on the prevention of dropout in an online learning context. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2017, 66, 217–231
Kuo, Y.-C., & Kuo, Y.-C. (2020). The Relationship Between Student Satisfaction and Academic Achievement in Online Learning. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 16(2), 353-369.
Kusuma, A. W., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Hubungan antara Kecemasan Siswa dengan Keterlibatan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran di Kelas [Relationship between Student Anxiety and Student Engagement in Classroom Learning]. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 9(2), 1-8
Leeds, E.; Campbell, S.; Baker, H.; Ali, R.; Brawley, D.; Crisp, J. The impact of student retention strategies: An empirical study. Int. J. Manag. Educ. 2013, 7, 22–43.
Lowenthal, P. R., & White, J. W. (2020). Teacher presence. In The online learning idea book: 95 proven strategies for enhancing technology-based and blended learning (pp. 135-141). Jossey-Bass.
Mansourian, Y., & Pihlainen-Bednarik, K. (2021). Elements of good online learning design: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 26(4), 3969-3995.
Revere, L., & Kovach, J. V. (2011). Online technologies for engaged learning: A meaningful synthesis for educators. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12(2), 113-124.
Richter, M. Zawacki D. L. Kyndt, T. J. Hemmi. (2019). Teacher Time Allocation and Its Influence on Student Engagement in Online Learning. Distance Education.
Robinson, C.C.; Hullinger, H. (2008) New benchmarks in higher education: Student engagement in online learning. J. Educ. Bus. 84, 101–109. [CrossRef]
Skinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., & Furrer, C. J. (2009). A motivational perspective on engagement and disaffection: Conceptualization and assessment of children's behavioral and emotional participation in academic activities in the classroom. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(3), 493-525.
Swan, K. (2001). Virtual interaction: Design factors affecting student satisfaction and perceived learning in asynchronous online courses. Distance Education, 22(2), 306-331.Akbar, A., & Noviani, N. (2019). Tantangan dan Solusi dalam Perkembangan Teknologi Pendidikan di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pgri Palembang, 2(1), 18–25.
Mukaromah, D., Sugiyo, & Mulawarman. (2018). Keterlibatan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran ditinjau dari Efikasi Diri dan Self Regulated Learning. Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application, 7(2), 14–19. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jbk
Villegas-Puyod, J., Sharma, S., Ajah, S., Chaisanrit, M., & Skuldee, B. (2020). The Role of Teacher Support, Classmate Support, and Self-efficacy in Reducing Speaking Anxiety among University Students Using English as a Foreign Language. Human Behavior Development & Society, 21(3), 59–68. http://simsrad.net.ocs.mq.edu.au/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=146377304&site=ehost-live
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wang, Y., Wang, R., & Lu, J. (2022). Exploring the Impact of University Student Engagement on Junior Faculty’s Online Teaching Anxiety and Coping Strategies during COVID-19. Education Sciences, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100664
X. Wang, Y. Li, Z. Wang Sumber. (2019). The Impact of Teachers' Time Constraints on Student Participation in Online Learning Environments. Journal of Educational Computing Research
Yang, Y. T., & Wu, W. C. V. (2012). Digital storytelling for enhancing student academic achievement, critical thinking, and learning motivation: A year-long experimental study. Computers & Education, 59(2), 339-352.
Published
2023-06-27
