TEACHER PERFORMANCE, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, COMPENSATION, AND SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP: A LITERATURE STUDY
Keywords:
Organizational culture, compensation, spiritual leadership, teacher performance
Abstract
This study aims to explore and analyze theories of organizational culture, compensation, and spiritual leadership and how they affect performance based on preliminary studies. The method used in this study is literature study. Relevant data is searched through books and scientific journals of international and national repute published on Google Scholar. The steps of data analysis consist of editing, organizing, and making conclusions. The results of the study reveal that there is a significant impact of organizational culture, compensation, and spiritual leadership on performance. However, research on madrasas as religious educational institutions has not yet been carried out. The study recommendations suggest that further research be carried out regarding the variables studied.
References
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Astin, H. S. (2004). Some Thoughts on the Role of Spirituality in Transformational Leadership. Spirituality in Higher Education Newsletter, 1(4), 1–5.
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Chandra, T. (2016). The Influence of Leadership Styles, Work Environment and Job Satisfaction of Employee Performance--Studies in the School of SMPN 10 Surabaya. International Education Studies, 9(1), 131–140.
Chen, C.-Y., Chen, C.-H. V., & Li., C.-I. (2013). The influence of leader’s spiritual values of servant leadership on employee motivational autonomy and eudaemonic well-being. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(2), 418–438.
Chen, C.-Y., & Li, C.-I. (2013). Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness: the contribution of follower’s self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial position. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 240–255.
Djafri, N. (2017). Manajemen Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah:(Pengetahuan Manajemen, Efektivitas, Kemandirian Keunggulan Bersaing dan Kecerdasan Emosi). Deepublish.
DuBrin, A. J. (2013). Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier.
Dwianto, A. S., Rustomo, R., & Aprurroji, A. (2019). The Effect of Compensation on Employee Performance at PT. Sango Indonesia-Karawang. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 2(1), 178–187.
Emerich, M. M. (2011). The gospel of sustainability: Media, market and LOHAS. University of Illinois Press.
Fidyah, D. N., & Setiawati, T. (2020). Influence of organizational culture and employee engagement on employee performance: job satisfaction as intervening variable. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9(4), 64–81.
Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: a study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 14(1), 22–47.
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., & Konopaske, R. (2012). Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Grant, A. M. (2012). Leading with meaning: Beneficiary contact, prosocial impact, and the performance effects of transformational leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), 458–476.
Hameed, A., Ramzan, M., & Zubair, H. M. K. (2014). Impact of compensation on employee performance (empirical evidence from banking sector of Pakistan). International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(2), 302–309.
Hartati, T. (2020). Analysis of Influence of Motivation, Competence, Compensation toward Performance of Employee. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1031–1038.
Hasan, M. N. (2017). Influence of Work Motivation, Leadership and Organizational Culture Principal of the Teacher Performance in Vocational School (SMK) Muhammadiyah, Rembang City, Central Java Province, Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(2), 36–44.
Hyde, P., Pope, C., & Braithwaite, J. (2010). Conclusion: Culture and climate in health care organizations—Evidentiary, conceptual and practical progress. In Culture and climate in health care organizations (pp. 208–212). Springer.
Irmayani, H., Wardiah, D., & Kristiawan, M. (2018). The strategy of SD Pusri in improving educational quality. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7(7), 113–121.
Ismail, M., Khatibi, A. A., & Azam, S. F. (2020). The mediating effect of school culture in the relationship between deputy principal’s instructional leadership and school effectiveness in government schools in maldives. MOJEM: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 9(1), 21–37.
Jacobs, R., Mannion, R., Davies, H. T., Harrison, S., Konteh, F., & Walshe, K. (2013). The relationship between organizational culture and performance in acute hospitals. Social Science & Medicine, 76, 115–125.
Juhji, J. (2020). Kepemimpinan: Sebuah Kajian Literatur. At-Tarbiyat: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 172–186.
Juhji, J., Wahyudin, W., Muslihah, E., & Suryapermana, N. (2020). Pengertian, Ruang Lingkup Manajemen, dan Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam. Jurnal Literasi Pendidikan Nusantara, 1(2), 111–124.
Karada, E., & Öztekin, O. (2018). The effect of authentic leadership on school culture: A structural equation model. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 6(1), 40–75. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijelm.2018.2858
Kartini, D., Kristiawan, M., & Fitria, H. (2020). The Influence of Principal’s Leadership, Academic Supervision, and Professional Competence toward Teachers’ Performance. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 20(1), 156–164.
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The leadership challenge. John Wiley & Sons.
Lawler, E., & Boudreau, J. W. (2020). Achieving excellence in human resources management. Stanford University Press.
Lee, K., & Carter, S. (2011). Global marketing management. Strategic Direction, 27(1).
Maslow, A. H. (2019). A theory of human motivation. General Press.
Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., & Valentine, S. R. (2015). Human resource management: Essential perspectives. Cengage Learning.
McDermott, A., Kidney, R., & Flood, P. (2011). Understanding leader development: Learning from leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 358–378.
Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Obasan, K. A. (2012). Effect of compensation strategy on corporate performance: Evidence from Nigerian firms. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(7), 37–44.
Omotayo, O. A., Pavithra, S., & Adeniji, A. A. (2014). Compensation management and organisational commitment in developing economics economies: Indian Perspective. Acme Intellects International Journal of Research in Management. Social Science, 8(8).
Osibanjo, A. O., Adeniji, A. A., Falola, H. O., & Heirsmac, P. T. (2014). Compensation packages: a strategic tool for employees’ performance and retention. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 25, 65–84.
Popovici, V. (2012). Similarities and differences between management and leadership. Annals-Economy Series, 2, 126–135.
Pribadi, T., Effendi, I., & Suryani, W. (2020). The effect of spirit at work and compensation toward employee performance in PT. Arista auto Lestari Medan. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 247–254.
Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Pramono, R., Senjaya, P., Hadi, A. H., & Andriyani, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar dengan Keterlibatan Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi sebagai Mediator. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 50–63.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
Royhatudin, A., Supardi, S., & Juhji, J. (2020). Transformational Leadership Style in Implementing Madrasa Based Management. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 6(01), 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v6i01.2187
Samul, J. (2020). Spiritual leadership: Meaning in the sustainable workplace. Sustainability, 12(1), 267.
Sari, E. (2019). The Effect of Motivation and Discipline on Employee Performance at the Ministry of Transportation’s Directorate of Ports. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 1(1), 1–9.
Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
Siahaan, A., Rafida, T., & Batubara, K. (2020). Influence of Madrasah Head Leadership, Motivation and Madrasah Culture on Teacher Performance in Madrasah Aliyah Model 2 Medan. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(3), 2174–2182.
Sufean, H. (2014). School culture and instructional leadership of high-performing and low-performing schools: Patterns of variation and relationship. Jurnal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 19(3), 138–144.
Supardi, S. (2012). Kinerja Guru. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Suratman, S., Arafat, Y., & Eddy, S. (2020). The Influence of Principal’s Leadership and Teacher’s Competence toward Teacher’s Performance in Indonesia. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 1(2), 96–104.
Throsby, D. (2010). The economics of cultural policy. Cambridge university press.
Tulenan, S. (2015). The effect of work environment and compensation toward employee performance at the Office of State Assets and Auction Service Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 3(3).
Walumbwa, F. O., & Hartnell, C. A. (2011). Understanding transformational leadership–employee performance links: The role of relational identification and self‐efficacy. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 153–172.
Wang, M., Guo, T., Ni, Y., Shang, S., & Tang, Z. (2019). The effect of spiritual leadership on employee effectiveness: An intrinsic motivation perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2627.
Wekesa, J. N., & Nyaroo, S. (2013). Effect of compensation on performance of public secondary school teachers in Eldoret Municipality Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(6), 1–4.
Wigglesworth, C. (2014). SQ21: The twenty-one skills of spiritual intelligence. SelectBooks, Inc.
Andriani, S., Kesumawati, N., & Kristiawan, M. (2018). The influence of the transformational leadership and work motivation on teachers performance. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7(7), 19–29.
Armstrong, M. (2017). Armstrong on reinventing performance management: Building a culture of continuous improvement. Kogan Page Publishers.
Astin, H. S. (2004). Some Thoughts on the Role of Spirituality in Transformational Leadership. Spirituality in Higher Education Newsletter, 1(4), 1–5.
Caillier, J. G. (2014). Toward a better understanding of the relationship between transformational leadership, public service motivation, mission valence, and employee performance: A preliminary study. Public Personnel Management, 43(2), 218–239.
Carroll, J. E. (2012). Sustainability and spirituality. SUNY Press.
Chandra, T. (2016). The Influence of Leadership Styles, Work Environment and Job Satisfaction of Employee Performance--Studies in the School of SMPN 10 Surabaya. International Education Studies, 9(1), 131–140.
Chen, C.-Y., Chen, C.-H. V., & Li., C.-I. (2013). The influence of leader’s spiritual values of servant leadership on employee motivational autonomy and eudaemonic well-being. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(2), 418–438.
Chen, C.-Y., & Li, C.-I. (2013). Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness: the contribution of follower’s self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial position. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 240–255.
Djafri, N. (2017). Manajemen Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah:(Pengetahuan Manajemen, Efektivitas, Kemandirian Keunggulan Bersaing dan Kecerdasan Emosi). Deepublish.
DuBrin, A. J. (2013). Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier.
Dwianto, A. S., Rustomo, R., & Aprurroji, A. (2019). The Effect of Compensation on Employee Performance at PT. Sango Indonesia-Karawang. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 2(1), 178–187.
Emerich, M. M. (2011). The gospel of sustainability: Media, market and LOHAS. University of Illinois Press.
Fidyah, D. N., & Setiawati, T. (2020). Influence of organizational culture and employee engagement on employee performance: job satisfaction as intervening variable. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9(4), 64–81.
Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: a study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 14(1), 22–47.
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., & Konopaske, R. (2012). Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Grant, A. M. (2012). Leading with meaning: Beneficiary contact, prosocial impact, and the performance effects of transformational leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), 458–476.
Hameed, A., Ramzan, M., & Zubair, H. M. K. (2014). Impact of compensation on employee performance (empirical evidence from banking sector of Pakistan). International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(2), 302–309.
Hartati, T. (2020). Analysis of Influence of Motivation, Competence, Compensation toward Performance of Employee. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1031–1038.
Hasan, M. N. (2017). Influence of Work Motivation, Leadership and Organizational Culture Principal of the Teacher Performance in Vocational School (SMK) Muhammadiyah, Rembang City, Central Java Province, Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(2), 36–44.
Hyde, P., Pope, C., & Braithwaite, J. (2010). Conclusion: Culture and climate in health care organizations—Evidentiary, conceptual and practical progress. In Culture and climate in health care organizations (pp. 208–212). Springer.
Irmayani, H., Wardiah, D., & Kristiawan, M. (2018). The strategy of SD Pusri in improving educational quality. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7(7), 113–121.
Ismail, M., Khatibi, A. A., & Azam, S. F. (2020). The mediating effect of school culture in the relationship between deputy principal’s instructional leadership and school effectiveness in government schools in maldives. MOJEM: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 9(1), 21–37.
Jacobs, R., Mannion, R., Davies, H. T., Harrison, S., Konteh, F., & Walshe, K. (2013). The relationship between organizational culture and performance in acute hospitals. Social Science & Medicine, 76, 115–125.
Juhji, J. (2020). Kepemimpinan: Sebuah Kajian Literatur. At-Tarbiyat: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 172–186.
Juhji, J., Wahyudin, W., Muslihah, E., & Suryapermana, N. (2020). Pengertian, Ruang Lingkup Manajemen, dan Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam. Jurnal Literasi Pendidikan Nusantara, 1(2), 111–124.
Karada, E., & Öztekin, O. (2018). The effect of authentic leadership on school culture: A structural equation model. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 6(1), 40–75. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijelm.2018.2858
Kartini, D., Kristiawan, M., & Fitria, H. (2020). The Influence of Principal’s Leadership, Academic Supervision, and Professional Competence toward Teachers’ Performance. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 20(1), 156–164.
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The leadership challenge. John Wiley & Sons.
Lawler, E., & Boudreau, J. W. (2020). Achieving excellence in human resources management. Stanford University Press.
Lee, K., & Carter, S. (2011). Global marketing management. Strategic Direction, 27(1).
Maslow, A. H. (2019). A theory of human motivation. General Press.
Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., & Valentine, S. R. (2015). Human resource management: Essential perspectives. Cengage Learning.
McDermott, A., Kidney, R., & Flood, P. (2011). Understanding leader development: Learning from leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 358–378.
Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Obasan, K. A. (2012). Effect of compensation strategy on corporate performance: Evidence from Nigerian firms. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(7), 37–44.
Omotayo, O. A., Pavithra, S., & Adeniji, A. A. (2014). Compensation management and organisational commitment in developing economics economies: Indian Perspective. Acme Intellects International Journal of Research in Management. Social Science, 8(8).
Osibanjo, A. O., Adeniji, A. A., Falola, H. O., & Heirsmac, P. T. (2014). Compensation packages: a strategic tool for employees’ performance and retention. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 25, 65–84.
Popovici, V. (2012). Similarities and differences between management and leadership. Annals-Economy Series, 2, 126–135.
Pribadi, T., Effendi, I., & Suryani, W. (2020). The effect of spirit at work and compensation toward employee performance in PT. Arista auto Lestari Medan. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 247–254.
Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Pramono, R., Senjaya, P., Hadi, A. H., & Andriyani, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar dengan Keterlibatan Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi sebagai Mediator. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 50–63.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
Royhatudin, A., Supardi, S., & Juhji, J. (2020). Transformational Leadership Style in Implementing Madrasa Based Management. Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan, 6(01), 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v6i01.2187
Samul, J. (2020). Spiritual leadership: Meaning in the sustainable workplace. Sustainability, 12(1), 267.
Sari, E. (2019). The Effect of Motivation and Discipline on Employee Performance at the Ministry of Transportation’s Directorate of Ports. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 1(1), 1–9.
Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
Siahaan, A., Rafida, T., & Batubara, K. (2020). Influence of Madrasah Head Leadership, Motivation and Madrasah Culture on Teacher Performance in Madrasah Aliyah Model 2 Medan. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(3), 2174–2182.
Sufean, H. (2014). School culture and instructional leadership of high-performing and low-performing schools: Patterns of variation and relationship. Jurnal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 19(3), 138–144.
Supardi, S. (2012). Kinerja Guru. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Suratman, S., Arafat, Y., & Eddy, S. (2020). The Influence of Principal’s Leadership and Teacher’s Competence toward Teacher’s Performance in Indonesia. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 1(2), 96–104.
Throsby, D. (2010). The economics of cultural policy. Cambridge university press.
Tulenan, S. (2015). The effect of work environment and compensation toward employee performance at the Office of State Assets and Auction Service Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 3(3).
Walumbwa, F. O., & Hartnell, C. A. (2011). Understanding transformational leadership–employee performance links: The role of relational identification and self‐efficacy. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 153–172.
Wang, M., Guo, T., Ni, Y., Shang, S., & Tang, Z. (2019). The effect of spiritual leadership on employee effectiveness: An intrinsic motivation perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2627.
Wekesa, J. N., & Nyaroo, S. (2013). Effect of compensation on performance of public secondary school teachers in Eldoret Municipality Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(6), 1–4.
Wigglesworth, C. (2014). SQ21: The twenty-one skills of spiritual intelligence. SelectBooks, Inc.
Published
2022-03-14
Section
Articles
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