The Role Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) In The Personalisation Of Education In The Society 5.0 Era
Abstract
The development of digital technology in the Society 5.0 era demands a human-centred transformation of education, utilising artificial intelligence (AI) to create adaptive and personalised learning experiences. This study aims to conduct an in-depth examination of the implementation of artificial intelligence-based personalised learning in the Society 5.0 era, encompassing an analysis of its effectiveness for learners, a description of its various forms of application, and an identification of its strengths and weaknesses within an educational context. The method employed is a literature review using a descriptive-interpretative approach, involving the collection, selection, processing, and analysis of data from various credible sources such as books, scientific journals, and reliable online publications. The research findings indicate that AI is effective in personalising learning by enhancing motivation, student engagement, flexibility and digital literacy. Forms of AI implementation include virtual tutors, smart content and personalised learning platforms such as Khan Academy, Duolingo and Ruangguru. However, its implementation faces three main challenges, namely: (1) the erosion of the teacher’s role and social interaction, which risks undermining holistic learning; (2) the decline in digital ethics, manifested in student data vulnerabilities, algorithmic bias and the ‘black box’ phenomenon; and (3) a decline in independent learning due to reliance on instant solutions that weaken students’ critical and metacognitive thinking skills. This study concludes that whilst AI holds great potential for improving the quality of education, its use must be balanced by strict ethical regulations, participatory oversight, and the strengthening of the teacher’s role as a humanistic facilitator in order to create an educational system that is fair, inclusive, and oriented towards character development and 21st-century skills.
References
Afrita, J. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the education system. COMSERVA: Journal of Research and Community Service, 2(12), 3181–3187.
Ali, M., Rahman, F., & Singh, T. (2024). A systematic review of ChatGPT in education: Potentials and challenges of generative AI. Bohrium Research Repository.
Alifiani, K. (2017). The relevance of Munif Chatib’s theory of multiple intelligences to the concept of human fitrah in Islamic education. [Undergraduate or Master’s thesis, UIN Sunan Kalijaga].
Andriyani, W., Natsir, F., Asri, Y. N., Hidayat, M. S., Yati, Y., Afandi, I. R., ... & Sujarwo, A. (2024). Generative AI and the quality of education. Widina Publishers.
Astuti, N. D., Sulastri, A., & Puspito, W. G. (2025). Education in the digital age. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Darmayasa, D., Lakadjo, M. A., Juasa, A., Rianty, E., Efitra, E., Wirautami, N. L. P., & Calam, A. (2025). Education in the digital age: Challenges and opportunities. Henry Bennett Nelson.
George, & Djiwando. (2015). Literature review: Theory and application. Prenada Media.
Haetami, H. (2025). AI-driven educational transformation in Indonesia: From learning personalisation to institutional management. Journal of Educational Innovation.
Hamida, E., Andika, C., Aroma, N., Hadevi, M., & Rifa’i. (2025). AI as a learning assistant: How technology helps personalise education for every pupil. Department of Digital Business Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business (RIGGS), 4(2), 6580–6585.
Harsono, A. M. B., Suriansyah, A., & Ridhaningtyas, L. P. (2024). Implementation of artificial intelligence-based personalised learning in Wetland primary schools. Pedagogik Journal of Islamic Primary School, 9(1), 113–129.
Hendriani, A., Rohayati, E., & Herlambang, Y. T. (2020). Education and 21st-century thinking skills. Ksatria Siliwangi.
Husain, H. M. N. (Ed.). (2020). Critical literacy based on IESQ power: Examining millennials in the digital age. Zahir Publishing.
Irawan, I. (2024). The application of Pancasila ethics in the development of responsible artificial intelligence in Indonesia. bit-Tech, 7(2), 263–271.
Istikomah, E., Suryadi, D., Prabawanto, S., & Nurlaelah, E. (2024). The future of learning in the 21st century: Creative and mathematical thinking skills amidst the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). Journal of Mathematics Education, [Volume and page numbers if available].
Kamil, I., & Miranda, T. (2025). The impact of AI on university students. JEDBUS (Journal of Economic and Digital Business), 2(1), 33–40.
Lestari, D. A. (2024). Workshop on artificial intelligence-based learning media. Thawalib Journal of Community Service and Research, 3(1), 25–32.
Mubin, H., Nurwanti, R., & Setiawan, A. (2023). The role of AI in identifying learners’ learning patterns. Journal of Modern Education, 5(3), 111–125.
Muslich, M. (2022). Character education: Addressing the challenges of a multidimensional crisis. Bumi Aksara.
Mutaqin, F. M., Jubaedah, I., Koestianto, H., & Setiabudi, D. I. (2023). The effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in learning and teaching. Journal of Education: Seroja, 2(1).
Nasihuddin, M. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in the transformation of education in the digital age. Salimiya: Journal of Islamic Religious Studies, 5(4), 410–418.
Nasir, M., & Sunardi, S. (2025). The reorientation of Islamic education in the digital age: A theoretical analysis of ‘ ’ and a literature review. Al-Rabwah, 19(1), 56–64.
Pelangi, K. C., Zohrahayaty, M., Idris, I. S. K., Serwin, M., … & Kom, M. (2025). Ethics and law in information technology. Takaza Innovatix Labs.
Pongoh, D., Kasenda, M., Kasenda, S., Tondatuon, G., Taroreh, M., & Saleh, E. (2023). The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in education. Journal of Computer Science and Information Systems, 9(4).
Pramana, P., Utari, P., Alkhajar, E. N. S., & Widianti, M. A. (2025). The future of communication: Exploring the role of artificial intelligence in human interaction. Samvada: Journal of Communication, Media and Public Relations Research, 4(1), 39–71.
Putra, R. A., Siregar, W. S., & Gusmaneli, G. (2024). Adaptive learning models: Towards enhancing the effectiveness of learning in the digital age. ALFIHRIS: Journal of Educational Inspiration.
Putri, V. A., Carissa, K., Sotyawardani, A., & Rafael, R. A. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in the learning process of students at Surabaya State University. Proceedings of the National Seminar, 615–630.
Rafiq, A. (2025). Orientation for new Master’s and PhD students at UIN Sunan Kalijaga 2025. [Paper or Presentation].
Raharjo, B. (2023). Ethical theories in artificial intelligence (AI). Published by Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik.
Rizqiyah, N., Jauhari, A. H., Fawaied, M., & Maudy, M. (2025). The digital revolution in education: The role of technology and social media in learning. KBM Indonesia Publishers.
Selwyn, N. (2024). On the limits of artificial intelligence (AI) in education. Nordisk tidsskrift for pedagogikk og kritikk: Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 10, 3–14.
Sugiyono. (2019). Quantitative, qualitative and R&D research methods. Alfabeta.
Suharmawan, W. (2023). The use of ChatGPT in education. *Education Journal: Journal of Educational Research and Development*, 7(2), 158–166.
Suryanto, I. W., Astuti, N. M. E. O., Prastyandhari, I. G. A. I. M., & Sentosa, I. P. P. (2024). A reference book on the dual role of teachers: As educators and parents in the digital age. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.
Wathoni, N. (2021). The development of students’ character and soft skills through school culture at SMK Negeri 41 Jakarta [Master’s thesis, PTIQ Institute, Jakarta].
Yusuf, B. (2024). Technology and personalised learning in Islamic education for Generation Z. Journal of Instructional and Development Researches, 4(4), 277–285.
Zebua, N. (2024). Optimising the potential and utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) to support learning in the Society 5.0 era. Pentagon: Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 2(4), 162–172.
Zed, M. (2003). Literature-based research methods. Obor Indonesia Foundation
