Implementasi Kurikulum Adaptif untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus: Sebuah Tinjuan Literatur
Keywords:
Implementation, Adaptive Curriculum, Children with Special Needs, Literature Review
Abstract
An adaptive curriculum allows for learning that is more responsive to the individual needs of students, who differ in terms of learning pace, interests, and learning styles. With a flexible curriculum, teachers can adapt materials and teaching methods to accommodate these differences, creating a more inclusive and effective learning environment. This study aims to examine the implementation of an adaptive curriculum for children with special needs through a comprehensive literature review. The results of the review show that an adaptive curriculum can significantly improve the engagement and academic success of children with special needs by providing a personalised approach based on the strengths, weaknesses, interests, and individual needs of each student. Effective implementation requires the role of trained teachers, technological support, active parental participation, and synergy between school, home, and community. In addition, supportive government policies, including clear regulations and adequate budget provision, are crucial to the successful implementation of this curriculum. Overall, this literature review confirms the great potential of the adaptive curriculum in improving the quality of education for children with special needs, noting the importance of continuous multi-dimensional support.
References
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Rahayu, S., Aslan, A., & Eliyah. (2025). PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) MATERI HADAST DAN NAJIS DI KELAS VII B SMPS IT SULTHONIYAH SAMBAS TAHUN PELAJARAN 2023/2024. ENTINAS: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Pembelajaran, 3(1), Article 1.
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Reza, F. I. (2024). Implementation of an Individualized Learning Program for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders at a Therapy Centre for Children with Special Needs. JASSI ANAKKU, 24(1), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.17509/jassi.v24i1.71225
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Saindah, Aslan, A., & Ferawati, D. (2025). NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN IBADAHDALAM NOVEL RINDU KARYA TERE LIYE. TARBIYATUL ILMU: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan, 3(2), Article 2.
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Silaban, D. E., & Syafii, M. (2024). Beyond Normal Limits: Analysis Standard Social Culture in Children with Special Needs. IJECA (International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application), 7(1), 71–71. https://doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v7i1.22692
Sitopu, J. W., Khairani, M., Roza, M., Judijanto, L., & Aslan, A. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATING MATHEMATICAL LITERACY IN THE PRIMARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM: A LITERATURE REVIEW. International Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(1), Article 1.
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Syakhrani, A. W., & Aslan, A. (2024). THE IMPACT OF INFORMAL FAMILY EDUCATION ON CHILDREN’S SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL SKILLS. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 4(2), 619~631-619~631.
Tarmidi, M. H., Raharjo, T. J., & Suminar, T. (2023). Implementation of Adaptive Curriculum for the Development of Students with Special Needs (PDBK) in Kendal District Inclusive Schools. International Journal of Research and Review, 10(8), 740–748. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230897
Tarsilla, K. (2021). CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION POLICY IN KENYA AND THE CURRENT STATUS IN THE COMPETENCE BASED CURRICULUM . Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(3), 706–708. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.83.9953
Westwood, P. (2020). Differentiating the curriculum and adapting instruction. Commonsense Methods for Children with Special Needs and Disabilities, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003109778-15
Basogul, C. (2024). Collaborating with Families of Children with Special Needs After Disaster. Psychological First Aid for Children with Special Needs and Their Families in Disasters, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 149–164. https://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358800.12
Dag, I. (2024). Communicating with Children with Special Needs in Disasters and Crises. Psychological First Aid for Children with Special Needs and Their Families in Disasters, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 67–88. https://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358800.6
Fawait, A., Siyeh, W. F., & Aslan, A. (2024). ISLAMIC EDUCATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LEARNING IN MADRASAS. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 4(2), 657~665-657~665.
Firman, F.-. (2018). PENELITIAN KUALITATIF DAN KUANTITATIF. Query date: 2024-05-25 20:59:55. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/4nq5e
Gabrielyan, A., & Jeyranyan, S. (2022). ACCESSIBILITY OF ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL CULTURE IN INSTITUTIONS PROVIDING ADDITIONAL SERVICES TO CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS TROUGHOUT THE RA. Գիտությունը Սպորտում. Արդի Հիմնախնդիրներ, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 215–224. https://doi.org/10.53068/25792997-2022.2.6-215
Gokkaya, E., & Balci, E. (2024). Ensuring the Safety and Comfort of Children with Special Needs After Disaster. Psychological First Aid for Children with Special Needs and Their Families in Disasters, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358800.7
Griffin, J., Paxman, J., Purle, K., & Lawrence, C. (2024). Flexischooling children with special educational needs: Insights from a survey of parents and carers. European Journal of Special Needs Education, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2024.2437901
Guna, B. W. K., Yuwantiningrum, S. E., Firmansyah, S, M. D. A., & Aslan. (2024). Building Morality and Ethics Through Islamic Religious Education In Schools. IJGIE (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education), 5(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v5i1.2685
Hapinas, H., Aslan, A., & Hasanah, M. (2025). PENERAPAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DI KELAS VII MTSS YASTI PIMPINAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2023-2024. Jurnal Komunikasi, 3(1), Article 1.
Hikmat, H. (2022). Implementation of Inclusive Education for Children With Special Needs in Indonesia. EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 4(2), 1888–1896. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i2.2338
Iksal, I., Hayani, R. A., & Aslan, A. (2024). STRENGTHENING CHARACTER EDUCATION AS A RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE TIMES. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 4(3), 761~774-761~774.
Jelahut, F. E. (2022). Aneka Teori Dan Jenis Penelitian Kualitatif. Query date: 2024-05-25 20:59:55. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ymzqp
Judijanto, L., & Aslan, A. (2024). GLOBALISATION AND THE EROSION OF TRADITION: MODELLING THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL CULTURE ON LOCAL CUSTOMS. MUSHAF JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmu Al Quran Dan Hadis, 4(3), Article 3.
Komari, K., & Aslan, A. (2025). Menggali Potensi Optimal Anak Usia Dini: Tinjauan Literatur. Jurnal Ilmiah Edukatif, 11(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.37567/jie.v11i1.3605
Lewis, A. (2020). Grouping of Children. Primary Special Needs and the National Curriculum, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 76–92. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003059981-7
Nabokova, L. (2021). Distance Teaching a Foreign Language to Children with Special Educational Needs (children with hearing disorders). Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02. https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.6082ba60dc2fa1af56246eef
Nurhikma, A., & Hendriani, W. (2024). A LITERATURE REVIEW: IMPLEMENTATION OF SEXUAL EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Pendidikan (Teori Dan Praktik), 9(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.26740/jp.v9n1.p88-104
Nurmaliyah, Y., Aripin, S., & Nurdiansyah, N. M. (2023). 2013 Curriculum: Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning in Schools for Children with Special Needs. International Journal of Islamic Thought and Humanities, 2(1), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.54298/ijith.v2i1.83
ORIEDI, O. (2024). Effectiveness of special needs education policy implementation in public secondary schools: A comparative analysis of Ruiru and Rarieda sub counties, Kenya. Journal of Pedagogy and Curriculum (JPC), 3(1). https://doi.org/10.51317/jpc.v3i1.563
Prajalani, Y. N. H., Sunardi, S., & Widyastono, H. (2021). Implementation of Adaptive Curriculum for Children with Special Needs in Inclusive Education Provider Schools in Surakarta. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(10), 378–378. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i10.3090
Rahayu, S., Aslan, A., & Eliyah. (2025). PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) MATERI HADAST DAN NAJIS DI KELAS VII B SMPS IT SULTHONIYAH SAMBAS TAHUN PELAJARAN 2023/2024. ENTINAS: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Pembelajaran, 3(1), Article 1.
Rasid, S. A., Mukhibat, M., & Daryono, R. W. (2024). Evaluation of the Independent Curriculum in Special Schools to Enhance Participation of Children with Special Needs. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(2), 817–817. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i2.586
Reza, F. I. (2024). Implementation of an Individualized Learning Program for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders at a Therapy Centre for Children with Special Needs. JASSI ANAKKU, 24(1), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.17509/jassi.v24i1.71225
S, V. K., & Shah, P. B. (2024). Nutritional Problems Among Special Needs Children in a Rural Special Needs Children Home Near Chennai. Cureus, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.58236
Saindah, Aslan, A., & Ferawati, D. (2025). NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN IBADAHDALAM NOVEL RINDU KARYA TERE LIYE. TARBIYATUL ILMU: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan, 3(2), Article 2.
Sharma, B. U. (2024). Adaptive Learning Technologies: Personalizing Education for Students with Special Needs. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 13(8), 1452–1455. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr24823234357
Silaban, D. E., & Syafii, M. (2024). Beyond Normal Limits: Analysis Standard Social Culture in Children with Special Needs. IJECA (International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application), 7(1), 71–71. https://doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v7i1.22692
Sitopu, J. W., Khairani, M., Roza, M., Judijanto, L., & Aslan, A. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATING MATHEMATICAL LITERACY IN THE PRIMARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM: A LITERATURE REVIEW. International Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(1), Article 1.
Sun, M., & Sun, W. (2022). A Report on the Implementation of Environmental Education in the Chinese School Curriculum. London International Conference on Education (LICE-2022) and World Congress on Special Needs Education (WCE-2022), Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 72–77. https://doi.org/10.20533/lice.2022.0014
Suyitno. (2021). METODE PENELITIAN KUALITATIF KONSEP, PRINSIP DAN OPERASIONALNYA. Query date: 2024-05-25 20:59:55. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/auqfr
Syakhrani, A. W., & Aslan, A. (2024). THE IMPACT OF INFORMAL FAMILY EDUCATION ON CHILDREN’S SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL SKILLS. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 4(2), 619~631-619~631.
Tarmidi, M. H., Raharjo, T. J., & Suminar, T. (2023). Implementation of Adaptive Curriculum for the Development of Students with Special Needs (PDBK) in Kendal District Inclusive Schools. International Journal of Research and Review, 10(8), 740–748. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230897
Tarsilla, K. (2021). CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION POLICY IN KENYA AND THE CURRENT STATUS IN THE COMPETENCE BASED CURRICULUM . Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(3), 706–708. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.83.9953
Westwood, P. (2020). Differentiating the curriculum and adapting instruction. Commonsense Methods for Children with Special Needs and Disabilities, Query date: 2025-02-03 09:15:02, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003109778-15
