Paradigma Positivistik Comte sebagai Kerangka Analisis Realitas Sosial Masa Kini
Keywords:
Paradigm, Positivisme, Comte, Kuantitatif, Kualitatif
Abstract
This study examines the relevance of Auguste Comte’s positivist paradigm in interpreting contemporary social realities characterized by technological acceleration, complex social interactions, and the growing dominance of data-driven systems. Positivism, grounded in empirical observation, verification, and the search for social laws, continues to offer a structured analytical framework for identifying patterns and regularities within modern society. However, rapidly changing social conditions reveal that many aspects of human life contain subjective, cultural, and symbolic dimensions that cannot be fully reduced to quantitative variables. Therefore, this study argues for the expansion of positivism through post-positivist and mixed-methods approaches capable of integrating empirical precision with interpretive depth. The findings affirm that positivism remains relevant as an analytical foundation, but it becomes truly effective only when used in dialogue with qualitative and critical perspectives to produce more comprehensive and context sensitive understandings of social phenomena.
References
Afubwa, P., & Kauka, E. O. (2023). Key Distinctions between Qualitative and Quantitative Research in Theory and Data: Epistemological and Ontological Considerations. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VII(IV), 1396–1403. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2023.7516
Alhoussawi, H. (2023). Perspectives on Research Paradigms: A Guide for Education Researchers. International Research in Education, 11(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.5296/ire.v11i2.21445
Andini, W., Fitriani, D., & Purba, L. K. N. (n.d.). Paradigma Penelitian Kuantitatif Dalam Jurnal Ilmiah Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif.
Astleitner, H. (2024). We Have Big Data, But Do We Need Big Theory? Review-Based Remarks on an Emerging Problem in the Social Sciences. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 54(1), 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931231188825
Barroga, E., Matanguihan, G. J., Furuta, A., Arima, M., Tsuchiya, S., Kawahara, C., Takamiya, Y., & Izumi, M. (2023). Conducting and Writing Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 38(37), e291. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e291
Boeriswati, E., Rohman, S., Munibi, A. Z., Firdaus, S., Firmansyah, E., Ch, H., & Br Rajaguk-guk, S. (2025). METODOLOGI PENELITIAN BAHASA DENGAN KAJIAN POSITIVISME. DIALEKTIKA: JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN BUDAYA, 11(2), 192–212. https://doi.org/10.33541/dia.v11i2.6441
Chen, Y., Sherren, K., Lee, K. Y., McCay-Peet, L., Xue, S., & Smit, M. (2024). From theory to practice: Insights and hurdles in collecting social media data for social science research. Frontiers in Big Data, 7, 1379921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1379921
Comte, A., Bridges, J. H., & Comte, A. (2009). A general view of positivism: Or, summary exposition of the system of thought and life, adapted to the great western republic, formed of the five advanced nations, the French, Italian, Spanish, British, and German, which, since the time of Charlemagne, have always constituted a political whole (Reissued, Truebner and Co, 1865). Cambridge Univ. Press.
Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, 32610, Seri Iskandar Campus, Malaysia, & Mohammad Ali, I. (2024). A Guide for Positivist Research Paradigm: From Philosophy to Methodology. Idealogy Journal, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v9i2.596
Department of Law (Sociology) Aligarh Muslim University, India, Khanday, S. A., Vali, K. M., Department of Education Aligarh Muslim University, India, Junaid, Md., Department of Law Aligarh Muslim University, India, Ahmad, M., & Department of Law Aligarh Muslim University, India. (2024). Understanding Positivism: A Qualitative Exploration of Its Principles and Relevance Today. Advances in Image and Video Processing, 12(6), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.126.17986
Ekawati, M. N., & Kalijaga, U. S. (2025). FILSAFAT POSITIVISTIK SOSIAL AUGUSTE COMTE. 10.
Fiantika, F. R., Wasil, M., Jumiyati, S., Honesti, L., Wahyuni, S., & Mouw, E. (n.d.). METODOLOGI PENELITIAN KUALITATIF.
Grimmer, J., Roberts, M. E., & Stewart, B. M. (2021). Machine Learning for Social Science: An Agnostic Approach. Annual Review of Political Science, 24(1), 395–419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-053119-015921
Hasan, Z., Purbajati, H. I., Munip, A., & Putra, I. (2024). The Relevance of the Philosophy of Positivism in the Development of Modern Science. 6(4).
Irawati, D., Natsir, N. F., & Haryanti, E. (2021). Positivisme, Pospositivisme, Teori Kritis, dan Konstruktivisme dalam Perspektif “Epistemologi Islam.” JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(8), 870–880. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v4i8.358
Islami, F. (n.d.). PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN BIG DATA SEBAGAI METODE DALAM KAJIAN KOMUNIKASI (Sebuah Kajian Literatur).
Jailani, M. S., & Saksitha, D. A. (n.d.). TEHNIK ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF DAN KUALITATIF DALAM PENELITIAN ILMIAH.
Jubaedah, S., & Hayati, E. H. (2024a). Epistemologi Positivisme Auguste Comte. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Theology and Philosophy, 6(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijitp.v6i2.24108
Jubaedah, S., & Hayati, E. H. (2024b). Epistemologi Positivisme Auguste Comte. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Theology and Philosophy, 6(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijitp.v6i2.24108
Khumaini, F. & Faiqotul Himmah. (2024). Integrasi Positivisme dalam Pendidikan Keislaman: Sebuah Tinjauan Epistemologis. AL-AUFA: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DAN KAJIAN KEISLAMAN, 6(02), 70–99. https://doi.org/10.32665/alaufa.v6i02.3635
Lamusu, N. F. H., Hunawa, K. N., & Bumulo, F. (2025). Eksplorasi Filsafat Ilmu: Dari Positivisme Hingga Paradigma Ilmiah dalam Perkembangan Metode Pengetahuan Modern dan Implikasinya terhadap Teori Ekonomi. 5.
Nurina, L., Sudarmanto, E., Susanto, E., Utami, R., & Ananda, S. (2024). Integrasi Big Data dan Kecerdasan Buatan: Potensi dan Tantangan Menurut Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis. Nusantara Computer and Design Review, 2(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55732/ncdr.v2i1.1204
Oktavia, Y., Fitrisia, A., & Fatimah, S. (2024). Rekontruktif: Kritik Terhadap Positivisme dalam Filsafat Ilmu dan Relevansinya untuk Perkembangan Studi Administrasi Publik. Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia, 7(2), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v7i2.77105
Park, Y. S., Konge, L., & Artino, A. R. (2020). The Positivism Paradigm of Research. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003093
Prayogo, A., Harahap, E. W., Hidayat, M., Amin, A., Semmawi, R., Alamin, T., Adawiah, W., Dharmawan, A. H., Sunito, S., & Setianto, Y. (2022). MUSLIM STUDENTS, PHILANTHROPIC MOVEMENTS AND POLITICAL PRACTICE: Narrative Study of The Ikatan Pelajar Al-Washliyah (IPA) in Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra. Utrecht University, 16(2).
Puspasari, S. A., Sary, I. U. M., & Winarno, A. (2024). Paradigm of Post Positivism, Critical Theory, and Constructivism in Social Research. 3(12).
Rahmawati, A., Aulia, Y. R., Wahdinah, W., & Sukti, S. (2024). Model Berpikir Deduktif dalam Memahami Islam. CARONG: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora, 1(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.62710/sts3ve47
Rosika, C., Fitrisia, A., & Ofianto, O. (2023). Analisis Paradigma Filsafat Positivisme. COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(06), 2464–2473. https://doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v3i06.1033
Sapkota, M. (2024). Implications and Critiques of Quantitative Research: A Systematic Review. Journal of Learning Theory and Methodology, 5(3), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2024.5.3.09
Saud, I. M., Sofyani, H., Utami, T. P., Haq, M. M., & Fathmaningrum, E. S. (2025). Big data analytics-based auditing adoption in public sector: Indonesian evidence. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2454320. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2454320
Setiawan, P. A. (2024). Positivisme Sebagai Era Baru Filsafat dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Kajian Sosial Islam. Al-Qalam: Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Pendidikan, 16(2), 330–341. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-qalam.v16i2.3431
Sundaro, H. (2022). POSITIVISME DAN POST POSITIVISME: REFLEKSI ATAS PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN PERENCANAAN KOTA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU DAN METODOLOGI PENELITIAN. MODUL, 22(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.14710/mdl.22.1.2022.21-30
Syawaludin, M., Haidar, M., & Husni, M. (2025). Menavigasi Kompleksitas Budaya: Tantangan Sosiologis di Indonesia Modern. Indonesian Culture and Religion Issues, 2(3), 9. https://doi.org/10.47134/diksima.v2i3.222
Wahyudin, D. (n.d.). PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN “BIG DATA” DALAM MEMBANGUN “SMART CITY” UNTUK SISTEM TRANSPORTASI. Big Data.
Zhang, T. (2023). Critical Realism: A Critical Evaluation. Social Epistemology, 37(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2080127
Alhoussawi, H. (2023). Perspectives on Research Paradigms: A Guide for Education Researchers. International Research in Education, 11(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.5296/ire.v11i2.21445
Andini, W., Fitriani, D., & Purba, L. K. N. (n.d.). Paradigma Penelitian Kuantitatif Dalam Jurnal Ilmiah Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif.
Astleitner, H. (2024). We Have Big Data, But Do We Need Big Theory? Review-Based Remarks on an Emerging Problem in the Social Sciences. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 54(1), 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931231188825
Barroga, E., Matanguihan, G. J., Furuta, A., Arima, M., Tsuchiya, S., Kawahara, C., Takamiya, Y., & Izumi, M. (2023). Conducting and Writing Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 38(37), e291. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e291
Boeriswati, E., Rohman, S., Munibi, A. Z., Firdaus, S., Firmansyah, E., Ch, H., & Br Rajaguk-guk, S. (2025). METODOLOGI PENELITIAN BAHASA DENGAN KAJIAN POSITIVISME. DIALEKTIKA: JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN BUDAYA, 11(2), 192–212. https://doi.org/10.33541/dia.v11i2.6441
Chen, Y., Sherren, K., Lee, K. Y., McCay-Peet, L., Xue, S., & Smit, M. (2024). From theory to practice: Insights and hurdles in collecting social media data for social science research. Frontiers in Big Data, 7, 1379921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2024.1379921
Comte, A., Bridges, J. H., & Comte, A. (2009). A general view of positivism: Or, summary exposition of the system of thought and life, adapted to the great western republic, formed of the five advanced nations, the French, Italian, Spanish, British, and German, which, since the time of Charlemagne, have always constituted a political whole (Reissued, Truebner and Co, 1865). Cambridge Univ. Press.
Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, 32610, Seri Iskandar Campus, Malaysia, & Mohammad Ali, I. (2024). A Guide for Positivist Research Paradigm: From Philosophy to Methodology. Idealogy Journal, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v9i2.596
Department of Law (Sociology) Aligarh Muslim University, India, Khanday, S. A., Vali, K. M., Department of Education Aligarh Muslim University, India, Junaid, Md., Department of Law Aligarh Muslim University, India, Ahmad, M., & Department of Law Aligarh Muslim University, India. (2024). Understanding Positivism: A Qualitative Exploration of Its Principles and Relevance Today. Advances in Image and Video Processing, 12(6), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.126.17986
Ekawati, M. N., & Kalijaga, U. S. (2025). FILSAFAT POSITIVISTIK SOSIAL AUGUSTE COMTE. 10.
Fiantika, F. R., Wasil, M., Jumiyati, S., Honesti, L., Wahyuni, S., & Mouw, E. (n.d.). METODOLOGI PENELITIAN KUALITATIF.
Grimmer, J., Roberts, M. E., & Stewart, B. M. (2021). Machine Learning for Social Science: An Agnostic Approach. Annual Review of Political Science, 24(1), 395–419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-053119-015921
Hasan, Z., Purbajati, H. I., Munip, A., & Putra, I. (2024). The Relevance of the Philosophy of Positivism in the Development of Modern Science. 6(4).
Irawati, D., Natsir, N. F., & Haryanti, E. (2021). Positivisme, Pospositivisme, Teori Kritis, dan Konstruktivisme dalam Perspektif “Epistemologi Islam.” JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(8), 870–880. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v4i8.358
Islami, F. (n.d.). PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN BIG DATA SEBAGAI METODE DALAM KAJIAN KOMUNIKASI (Sebuah Kajian Literatur).
Jailani, M. S., & Saksitha, D. A. (n.d.). TEHNIK ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF DAN KUALITATIF DALAM PENELITIAN ILMIAH.
Jubaedah, S., & Hayati, E. H. (2024a). Epistemologi Positivisme Auguste Comte. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Theology and Philosophy, 6(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijitp.v6i2.24108
Jubaedah, S., & Hayati, E. H. (2024b). Epistemologi Positivisme Auguste Comte. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Theology and Philosophy, 6(2), 121. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijitp.v6i2.24108
Khumaini, F. & Faiqotul Himmah. (2024). Integrasi Positivisme dalam Pendidikan Keislaman: Sebuah Tinjauan Epistemologis. AL-AUFA: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DAN KAJIAN KEISLAMAN, 6(02), 70–99. https://doi.org/10.32665/alaufa.v6i02.3635
Lamusu, N. F. H., Hunawa, K. N., & Bumulo, F. (2025). Eksplorasi Filsafat Ilmu: Dari Positivisme Hingga Paradigma Ilmiah dalam Perkembangan Metode Pengetahuan Modern dan Implikasinya terhadap Teori Ekonomi. 5.
Nurina, L., Sudarmanto, E., Susanto, E., Utami, R., & Ananda, S. (2024). Integrasi Big Data dan Kecerdasan Buatan: Potensi dan Tantangan Menurut Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis. Nusantara Computer and Design Review, 2(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55732/ncdr.v2i1.1204
Oktavia, Y., Fitrisia, A., & Fatimah, S. (2024). Rekontruktif: Kritik Terhadap Positivisme dalam Filsafat Ilmu dan Relevansinya untuk Perkembangan Studi Administrasi Publik. Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia, 7(2), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v7i2.77105
Park, Y. S., Konge, L., & Artino, A. R. (2020). The Positivism Paradigm of Research. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003093
Prayogo, A., Harahap, E. W., Hidayat, M., Amin, A., Semmawi, R., Alamin, T., Adawiah, W., Dharmawan, A. H., Sunito, S., & Setianto, Y. (2022). MUSLIM STUDENTS, PHILANTHROPIC MOVEMENTS AND POLITICAL PRACTICE: Narrative Study of The Ikatan Pelajar Al-Washliyah (IPA) in Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra. Utrecht University, 16(2).
Puspasari, S. A., Sary, I. U. M., & Winarno, A. (2024). Paradigm of Post Positivism, Critical Theory, and Constructivism in Social Research. 3(12).
Rahmawati, A., Aulia, Y. R., Wahdinah, W., & Sukti, S. (2024). Model Berpikir Deduktif dalam Memahami Islam. CARONG: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora, 1(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.62710/sts3ve47
Rosika, C., Fitrisia, A., & Ofianto, O. (2023). Analisis Paradigma Filsafat Positivisme. COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(06), 2464–2473. https://doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v3i06.1033
Sapkota, M. (2024). Implications and Critiques of Quantitative Research: A Systematic Review. Journal of Learning Theory and Methodology, 5(3), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2024.5.3.09
Saud, I. M., Sofyani, H., Utami, T. P., Haq, M. M., & Fathmaningrum, E. S. (2025). Big data analytics-based auditing adoption in public sector: Indonesian evidence. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2454320. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2454320
Setiawan, P. A. (2024). Positivisme Sebagai Era Baru Filsafat dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Kajian Sosial Islam. Al-Qalam: Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Pendidikan, 16(2), 330–341. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-qalam.v16i2.3431
Sundaro, H. (2022). POSITIVISME DAN POST POSITIVISME: REFLEKSI ATAS PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN PERENCANAAN KOTA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU DAN METODOLOGI PENELITIAN. MODUL, 22(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.14710/mdl.22.1.2022.21-30
Syawaludin, M., Haidar, M., & Husni, M. (2025). Menavigasi Kompleksitas Budaya: Tantangan Sosiologis di Indonesia Modern. Indonesian Culture and Religion Issues, 2(3), 9. https://doi.org/10.47134/diksima.v2i3.222
Wahyudin, D. (n.d.). PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN “BIG DATA” DALAM MEMBANGUN “SMART CITY” UNTUK SISTEM TRANSPORTASI. Big Data.
Zhang, T. (2023). Critical Realism: A Critical Evaluation. Social Epistemology, 37(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2080127
Published
2025-12-11
How to Cite
Sihono, R. F., & Usman. (2025). Paradigma Positivistik Comte sebagai Kerangka Analisis Realitas Sosial Masa Kini. JURNAL ILMIAH FALSAFAH: Jurnal Kajian Filsafat, Teologi Dan Humaniora, 11(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.37567/jif.v11i1.4573
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Ridwan Faqih Sihono, Usman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
