Dualisme sistem hukum waris: Tantangan implementasi hukum waris islam dalam konteks perdata nasional di Indonesia dan Malaysia
Keywords:
pluralisme hukum, waris islam, hukum perdata, sengketa keluarga campuran, keadilan substantif
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika sengketa waris dalam keluarga campuran di Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam konteks pluralisme hukum, khususnya pada interaksi antara hukum waris Islam dan hukum perdata. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi yuridis-komparatif dan analisis dokumen putusan pengadilan, fatwa keagamaan, serta regulasi nasional, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi lima temuan utama: kontradiksi yurisdiksi dan regulasi, konflik implementatif dalam kasus keluarga campuran, perbedaan sistem kelembagaan dan produk yurisprudensi, peluang harmonisasi hukum melalui pendekatan pluralisme hukum, serta usulan reformasi regulasi berbasis prinsip keadilan substantif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ketiadaan koordinasi antar lembaga peradilan dan lemahnya integrasi sistem hukum menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum dan bias keadilan dalam penyelesaian waris. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan model hukum waris yang responsif terhadap konteks sosial-religius masyarakat majemuk serta menawarkan kerangka konseptual untuk reformasi hukum berbasis pluralisme hukum dan keadilan substantif.
References
Abd Rahim, N. (2020). Family Law in Malaysia: Practice and Procedure. Kuala Lumpur: LexisNexis.
Abdullah, F. (2022). Strengthening Sharia Court Authority in the Context of Legal Dualism. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 17(2), 198–215.
Abdullah, M., & Saad, N. M. (2018). Sharia and Civil Law in Malaysia: Managing Jurisdictional Conflict. Malaysian Law Journal.
Abdullah, S. N., Muhamad, N., & Arifin, M. S. (2019). Legal dualism in inheritance disputes in Malaysia: A conflict of jurisdictions between the civil and shariah courts. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 51(3), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2019.1691430
Ahmad, F. (2019). Implementation of Hibah as an Alternative to Islamic Inheritance Law in Malaysia. Jurnal Syariah, 27(1), 23–40.
Ahmad, M. R., & Arifin, M. I. (2021). Islamic inheritance law and the modern state: Challenges and policy implications in Malaysia. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 64, 100453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2021.100453
Ali, N. S., & Aziz, A. R. A. (2020). Conflict and accommodation: Civil law and Islamic law in Malaysia’s inheritance system. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 15(1), 143–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2020.2
An-Na’im, A. A. (2008). Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari‘a. Harvard University Press.
Arifin, M.Z. (2021). Modernisasi Hukum Waris Islam di Indonesia: Kajian Yuridis terhadap Wasiat Wajibah dan Hibah. Al-Ahkam, 31(1), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2021.31.1.6636
Benda-Beckmann, F. von. (2002). Who’s afraid of legal pluralism? Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 34(47), 37–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2002.10756563
Buehler, M. (2016). The Politics of Shari'a Law: Islamist Activists and the State in Democratizing Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316492813
Butt, S. (2016). Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia. In N. Hooker (Ed.), Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law (pp. 180-202). Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
Butt, S. (2021). Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia: Navigating Norms and Practices. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
Butt, S. (2021). Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia: Practices and Legal Controversies. In A. Salim & R. Lindsey (Eds.), Islam and the State in Indonesia (pp. 183–202). Bloomsbury Publishing.
Butt, S. (2021). Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia: The Influence of Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Springer.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches(4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Esser, J. (2006). Comparative Law as Critique. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 54(3), 739–753. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/54.3.739
Fadhli, M. (2023). Legal uncertainty in the enforcement of inheritance law in Indonesia: A comparative analysis between Islamic and civil norms. Indonesian Journal of Law and Society, 5(2), 245–267. https://doi.org/10.19184/ijls.v5i2.34752
Fauzi, N. A., & Mohd Daud, M. Z. (2018). Integration of Fatwa in the Syariah Court: A Study in Islamic Inheritance Practice. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a1
Fikri, M. (2020). Perkembangan Wasiat Wajibah dalam Praktik Peradilan Agama di Indonesia. Al-Ahkam, 30(2), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2020.30.2.5912
Foulcher, K. (2019). Legal Identity, Islamic Law and Inheritance Rights in Indonesia. Indonesia Law Review, 9(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v9n1.503
Griffiths, J. (1986). What is Legal Pluralism? Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 24(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.1986.10756387
Harun, A., Ramli, S., & Yusuf, R. (2020). Jurisdictional Overlap in Islamic Inheritance Cases: A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Law Studies, 7(2), 133–148.
Hassan, M. K., & Rahman, A. R. A. (2018). Islamic Law of Inheritance and Its Implementation in Malaysia: Challenges and Recommendations. Islamic Quarterly, 62(3), 297–320.
Hassan, R., Yaacob, A., & Sulaiman, R. (2020). Family inheritance dispute settlement under Malaysian dual legal system: Issues and challenges. Journal of Islamic Law Review, 16(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3675443
Hooker, M. B. (2008). Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
Ichsan, M., & Surbakti, T. (2022). Pluralisme hukum dan sengketa waris di Indonesia: Studi kasus keluarga campuran agama. Jurnal Hukum dan Masyarakat, 12(1), 91–108. https://jhm.ui.ac.id/article/view/12091
Kamali, M. H. (2016). Shari'ah Law: An Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
Kassim, Y. (2017). Challenges in the Enforcement of Islamic Family Law in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 5(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3124080
Kennedy, D. (1976). Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication. Harvard Law Review, 89(8), 1685–1778.
Limbong, R. (2025). A Legal Perspective on Inheritance of Joint Property: A Comparative Analysis of Various Legal Systems. Legal Frontier, 1(1), 1–20.
Luhmann, N. (1995). Social Systems. Stanford University Press.
Luhmann, N. (2004). Law as a Social System. Oxford University Press.
Mahkamah Agung RI. (1995). Putusan MA No. 179 K/AG/1995.
Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan. (2020). Fatwa Waris dalam Islam. https://www.maiwp.gov.my
Marwan, A., Mardiah, N., & Haqq, M.V. (2025). Interfaith Marriage in the Perspective of Positive Law: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Indonesia and Malaysia. Irfana: Journal of Comparative Law, 2(1), 44–59.
Merry, S. E. (1988). Legal Pluralism. Law & Society Review, 22(5), 869–896. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053638
Mir-Hosseini, Z., Al-Sharmani, M., & Rumminger, J. (2013). Men in Charge? Rethinking Authority in Muslim Legal Tradition. Journal of Law and Religion, 29(2), 242–270. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2013.16
Mohamad, M. (2013). The Application of Wasiat Wajibah in Malaysia: A Juristic Analysis. IIUM Law Journal, 21(2), 173–189.
Mohd Yusof, N.A. et al. (2022). Challenges in the Administration of Faraid Law in Malaysia: A Reform Proposal. Journal of Islamic Law and Judiciary, 4(2), 115–134.
Musa, R. (2023). Jurisdictional Challenges in Islamic Inheritance Cases in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah Law, 31(1), 55–72.
Nonet, P., & Selznick, P. (1978). Law and Society in Transition: Toward Responsive Law. New York: Harper & Row.
Nurhalimah, I., & Suwito, B. (2022). Keadilan distributif dalam konflik hukum waris Islam dan hukum perdata di Indonesia. Journal of Legal Studies, 18(2), 134–153. https://doi.org/10.14421/jls.v18i2.1421
Örücü, E. (2002). Mixed and Mixing Systems: A Conceptual Search. In Mixed Legal Systems (pp. 365–388). Kluwer Law International.
Palmer, V. V. (2001). Mixed Jurisdictions Worldwide: The Third Legal Family. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175305
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-research-evaluation-methods/book232962
Putusan MA No. 368 K/AG/1995.
Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010.
Rahardjo, S. (2006). Hukum Progresif: Hukum yang Membebaskan. Jakarta: Kompas.
Rahardjo, S. (2006). Hukum Progresif: Hukum yang Membebaskan. Kompas.
S. v. Nordin bin Haji Mohd Nor [2003] 3 MLJ 445.
Sari, T. A. (2018). Problematika Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris di Pengadilan Negeri. Indonesian Law Review, 8(1), 21–38.
Shariff, F. M. (2021). Legal Pluralism and Inheritance Law in Malaysia: Jurisdictional Tensions and Socio-legal Realities. Malayan Law Journal, 5, 187–203.
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2004). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Rajawali Press.
Teubner, G. (1997). Global Bukowina: Legal Pluralism in the World Society. Dartmouth Publishing.
Yaacob, A. F., & Mohamad, M. (2021). Resolving family inheritance disputes in Malaysia: Jurisdictional conflicts and reforms. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 35(1), ebab006. https://doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebab006
Yong, C. (2018). The Indira Gandhi Case and the Future of Religious Freedom in Malaysia. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy036
Yusof, N. A., & Zainal, S. (2020). Inter-Jurisdictional Issues on Inheritance Disputes in Mixed-Faith Families in Malaysia. Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law, 47(2), 35–58.
Zain, M. (2020). Islamic Law and the Dilemma of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia. Islamic Legal Studies, 9(1), 44–59.
Zakaria, M. R. (2016). The Challenge of Non-Muslim Involvement in Islamic Inheritance Law in Malaysia. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 1(3), 22–32.
Abdullah, F. (2022). Strengthening Sharia Court Authority in the Context of Legal Dualism. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 17(2), 198–215.
Abdullah, M., & Saad, N. M. (2018). Sharia and Civil Law in Malaysia: Managing Jurisdictional Conflict. Malaysian Law Journal.
Abdullah, S. N., Muhamad, N., & Arifin, M. S. (2019). Legal dualism in inheritance disputes in Malaysia: A conflict of jurisdictions between the civil and shariah courts. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 51(3), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2019.1691430
Ahmad, F. (2019). Implementation of Hibah as an Alternative to Islamic Inheritance Law in Malaysia. Jurnal Syariah, 27(1), 23–40.
Ahmad, M. R., & Arifin, M. I. (2021). Islamic inheritance law and the modern state: Challenges and policy implications in Malaysia. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 64, 100453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2021.100453
Ali, N. S., & Aziz, A. R. A. (2020). Conflict and accommodation: Civil law and Islamic law in Malaysia’s inheritance system. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 15(1), 143–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2020.2
An-Na’im, A. A. (2008). Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari‘a. Harvard University Press.
Arifin, M.Z. (2021). Modernisasi Hukum Waris Islam di Indonesia: Kajian Yuridis terhadap Wasiat Wajibah dan Hibah. Al-Ahkam, 31(1), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2021.31.1.6636
Benda-Beckmann, F. von. (2002). Who’s afraid of legal pluralism? Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 34(47), 37–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2002.10756563
Buehler, M. (2016). The Politics of Shari'a Law: Islamist Activists and the State in Democratizing Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316492813
Butt, S. (2016). Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia. In N. Hooker (Ed.), Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law (pp. 180-202). Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
Butt, S. (2021). Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia: Navigating Norms and Practices. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
Butt, S. (2021). Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia: Practices and Legal Controversies. In A. Salim & R. Lindsey (Eds.), Islam and the State in Indonesia (pp. 183–202). Bloomsbury Publishing.
Butt, S. (2021). Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia: The Influence of Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Springer.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches(4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Esser, J. (2006). Comparative Law as Critique. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 54(3), 739–753. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/54.3.739
Fadhli, M. (2023). Legal uncertainty in the enforcement of inheritance law in Indonesia: A comparative analysis between Islamic and civil norms. Indonesian Journal of Law and Society, 5(2), 245–267. https://doi.org/10.19184/ijls.v5i2.34752
Fauzi, N. A., & Mohd Daud, M. Z. (2018). Integration of Fatwa in the Syariah Court: A Study in Islamic Inheritance Practice. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v6n1a1
Fikri, M. (2020). Perkembangan Wasiat Wajibah dalam Praktik Peradilan Agama di Indonesia. Al-Ahkam, 30(2), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2020.30.2.5912
Foulcher, K. (2019). Legal Identity, Islamic Law and Inheritance Rights in Indonesia. Indonesia Law Review, 9(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v9n1.503
Griffiths, J. (1986). What is Legal Pluralism? Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 24(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.1986.10756387
Harun, A., Ramli, S., & Yusuf, R. (2020). Jurisdictional Overlap in Islamic Inheritance Cases: A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Law Studies, 7(2), 133–148.
Hassan, M. K., & Rahman, A. R. A. (2018). Islamic Law of Inheritance and Its Implementation in Malaysia: Challenges and Recommendations. Islamic Quarterly, 62(3), 297–320.
Hassan, R., Yaacob, A., & Sulaiman, R. (2020). Family inheritance dispute settlement under Malaysian dual legal system: Issues and challenges. Journal of Islamic Law Review, 16(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3675443
Hooker, M. B. (2008). Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
Ichsan, M., & Surbakti, T. (2022). Pluralisme hukum dan sengketa waris di Indonesia: Studi kasus keluarga campuran agama. Jurnal Hukum dan Masyarakat, 12(1), 91–108. https://jhm.ui.ac.id/article/view/12091
Kamali, M. H. (2016). Shari'ah Law: An Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
Kassim, Y. (2017). Challenges in the Enforcement of Islamic Family Law in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 5(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3124080
Kennedy, D. (1976). Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication. Harvard Law Review, 89(8), 1685–1778.
Limbong, R. (2025). A Legal Perspective on Inheritance of Joint Property: A Comparative Analysis of Various Legal Systems. Legal Frontier, 1(1), 1–20.
Luhmann, N. (1995). Social Systems. Stanford University Press.
Luhmann, N. (2004). Law as a Social System. Oxford University Press.
Mahkamah Agung RI. (1995). Putusan MA No. 179 K/AG/1995.
Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan. (2020). Fatwa Waris dalam Islam. https://www.maiwp.gov.my
Marwan, A., Mardiah, N., & Haqq, M.V. (2025). Interfaith Marriage in the Perspective of Positive Law: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Indonesia and Malaysia. Irfana: Journal of Comparative Law, 2(1), 44–59.
Merry, S. E. (1988). Legal Pluralism. Law & Society Review, 22(5), 869–896. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053638
Mir-Hosseini, Z., Al-Sharmani, M., & Rumminger, J. (2013). Men in Charge? Rethinking Authority in Muslim Legal Tradition. Journal of Law and Religion, 29(2), 242–270. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2013.16
Mohamad, M. (2013). The Application of Wasiat Wajibah in Malaysia: A Juristic Analysis. IIUM Law Journal, 21(2), 173–189.
Mohd Yusof, N.A. et al. (2022). Challenges in the Administration of Faraid Law in Malaysia: A Reform Proposal. Journal of Islamic Law and Judiciary, 4(2), 115–134.
Musa, R. (2023). Jurisdictional Challenges in Islamic Inheritance Cases in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah Law, 31(1), 55–72.
Nonet, P., & Selznick, P. (1978). Law and Society in Transition: Toward Responsive Law. New York: Harper & Row.
Nurhalimah, I., & Suwito, B. (2022). Keadilan distributif dalam konflik hukum waris Islam dan hukum perdata di Indonesia. Journal of Legal Studies, 18(2), 134–153. https://doi.org/10.14421/jls.v18i2.1421
Örücü, E. (2002). Mixed and Mixing Systems: A Conceptual Search. In Mixed Legal Systems (pp. 365–388). Kluwer Law International.
Palmer, V. V. (2001). Mixed Jurisdictions Worldwide: The Third Legal Family. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175305
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-research-evaluation-methods/book232962
Putusan MA No. 368 K/AG/1995.
Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010.
Rahardjo, S. (2006). Hukum Progresif: Hukum yang Membebaskan. Jakarta: Kompas.
Rahardjo, S. (2006). Hukum Progresif: Hukum yang Membebaskan. Kompas.
S. v. Nordin bin Haji Mohd Nor [2003] 3 MLJ 445.
Sari, T. A. (2018). Problematika Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris di Pengadilan Negeri. Indonesian Law Review, 8(1), 21–38.
Shariff, F. M. (2021). Legal Pluralism and Inheritance Law in Malaysia: Jurisdictional Tensions and Socio-legal Realities. Malayan Law Journal, 5, 187–203.
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2004). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Rajawali Press.
Teubner, G. (1997). Global Bukowina: Legal Pluralism in the World Society. Dartmouth Publishing.
Yaacob, A. F., & Mohamad, M. (2021). Resolving family inheritance disputes in Malaysia: Jurisdictional conflicts and reforms. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 35(1), ebab006. https://doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/ebab006
Yong, C. (2018). The Indira Gandhi Case and the Future of Religious Freedom in Malaysia. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 7(3), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy036
Yusof, N. A., & Zainal, S. (2020). Inter-Jurisdictional Issues on Inheritance Disputes in Mixed-Faith Families in Malaysia. Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law, 47(2), 35–58.
Zain, M. (2020). Islamic Law and the Dilemma of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia. Islamic Legal Studies, 9(1), 44–59.
Zakaria, M. R. (2016). The Challenge of Non-Muslim Involvement in Islamic Inheritance Law in Malaysia. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 1(3), 22–32.
Published
2024-12-31
How to Cite
Sanjaya, S. (2024). Dualisme sistem hukum waris: Tantangan implementasi hukum waris islam dalam konteks perdata nasional di Indonesia dan Malaysia. CBJIS: Cross-Border Journal of Islamic Studies, 6(2), 395-408. https://doi.org/10.37567/cbjis.v6i2.3799
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Sendi Sanjaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All material published by CBJIS is protected by international copyright and intellectual property laws. CBJIS is licensed under CC-BY-SA or an equivalent license as an optimal license for the publication, distribution, use and reuse of scientific works. The author owns the copyright and gives the first publication rights journal with the work being licensed simultaneously under CC-BY-SA; Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in an institutional repository or on their website) before and during the submission process, because it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and larger excerpts of works published with recognition of author's work and early publications in this journal (See Effects of Open Access). and any views expressed in this work are those of the author and not of the Editorial Board of the CBJIS Scientific Journal. CBJIS cannot be held responsible for the views, opinions and written statements of the authors or researchers published in this journal.
.gif)
