Hak Waris Khunṡa dan Metode Penyelesaiannya dalam Hukum Waris Islam

  • Muhibbussabry Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
Keywords: Inheritance rights, Khunṡa (double sex), settlement method, Islamic inheritance law

Abstract

The heirs and their shares in Islamic inheritance law have been rigidly regulated in the Qur'an, hadeeth and ijma', everyone who has a relationship of marriage, descent, and kinship, whether the status is still in the womb, male and female have their respective rights and shares. However, in reality of life, there are heirs whose status is unclear because they have multiple sexes (khunṡa), so that the share of inheritance received cannot be determined with certainty. The purpose of this study is to find out the inheritance rights of khunṡa, the opinion of the mażhab scholars and the calculation method for resolving khunṡa cases in detail. This research uses an analytical descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study identify two types of khunṡa: first, khunṡa ghairu musykil, whose inheritance is determined by the method of urination. If it is through the male sex, it inherits the male share; if it is female, it inherits the female share. If it is through both sexes, it is determined by the sex that urinates first, because it is considered the original identity. If it comes out at the same time, it is determined by the greater volume. Secondly, khunṡa musykil is divided into two conditions: first, when it is still possible to clarify the status of khunṡa because she has not yet reached puberty. In this case, he and the other heirs are given the smallest share of the two estimates of a male or female, with the rest of the estate deferred until the status of the khunṡa becomes clear. Secondly, when it is no longer possible to clarify the status of the khunṡa because he has reached puberty, but he does not have the characteristics of a male or female. In this situation, he and the other heirs are given half of the two estimates of male or female. This share calculation can be the best alternative in resolving khunṡa inheritance cases because there is still a legal vacuum in the compilation of Islamic law in Indonesia.

References

Abizar, M. H., & Amin, H. Al. (2021). Pembagian Harta Waris Khuntsa Musykil (Banci):Komparasi Abū Ḥanīfah dan ‘Ali Al-Ṣabūnī. Syakhsiyah Burhaniyah: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam, 6(2), 129–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33752/sbjphi.v6i2.3955

Ahmadin. (2019). Waris Banci Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Jurnal Pendidikan Ips, 9(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpi.v9i1.209

Al-‘Imrānī, A. H. Y. bin A. al-K. S. (1421). Al-Bayān fi Mazhab al-Syafi’ī, Jilid IX. Dār al-Minhāj.

Al-Bahūtī, M. bin Y. (1403). Kasyāf al-Qinā’, Jilid IV. Dār ‘Ālim al-Kutub.

Al-Baṡri, A. H. A.-M. (n.d.). Al-Hawī Al-Kabīr, Jilid VIII. Dār al-Kutub ‘Ilmiyah.

Al-Dāramiyyu, A. M. ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdu al-R. (1417). Sunan al-Dāramiyyu, jilid II. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Al-Dasūqī, M. ‘Arafah. (1417). Ḥāsyiah al-Dasūqī ‘ala al-Syarh al-Kabīr Jilid IV. Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.

Al-Ghāmidī, N. bin M. B. M. (2007). al-Khullaṣah Fi ‘Ilmi al-Faraiḍ. Dār Ṭibah al-Khuḍarā.

Al-Ḥanbali, I. Q. (1410). Al-Mughnī, Jilid IX. Dār al-Hijr.

Al-Hattāb, A. ‘Abdullāh A.-M. (1416). Mawāhib Al-Jalīl li Syarḥi Mukhtasar Khalīl Jilid VIII. Dar Al-Kutub ‘ilmiah.

Al-Ifrīqī, I. M. (1419). Lisān al-‘Arab Jilid IV. Dār al-Iḥyā’ al-Turāṡ al-Islāmī.

Al-Jurjānī, ‘Ali bin Muhammad. (1413). al-Ta’rīfāt. Dār al-Kitāb al’Arabī,.

Al-Rāzī, A. B. F. (1415). Mu’jam Maqāyis al-Lughah Jilid II. Dār al-Jalīl.

Al-Ṣarakhṣī, S. M. bin A. S. (1324). Al-Mabsūṭ Jilid VI. Maṭba’ah al-Sa’adah.

Al-Syafi’ī, M. bin M. S. al-M. (1421). Ṣyarah Rahbiyyah Fi al-Farāiḍ. Dār al-Qalam.

Al-Syarbainī, S. M. K. (1415). Mughnī al-Muḥtāj, Jilid IV. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.

Amin, M. (1386). Raddu al-Muḥtār ‘ala al-Durrī al-Mukhtār, Jilid VI. Dār al-Fikr.

Asy-Syansyurī, ‘Abdullah bin Muhammad. (1422). Al-Fawāid al-Syansyuriyah Fi Syarḥi al-Manżumah al-Raḥbiyyah. Dār ‘Ālim al-Fawāid.

Az-Zuhailī, W. (2008). Al-Fiqh al-Islamī Wa Adillatuhu, Jilid VIII. Dar al-Fikr.

Islam, D. J. B. M. (2018). Kompilasi Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam.

Karimulloh. (2018). Hukum Waris Banci Perspektif Fiqh Islam dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. MAJALAH SAINSTEKES, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33476/ms.v5i1.851

Moleong, L. J. (2001). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Cet. ke 14. Remaja Rusda Karya.

Muhibbin, M. (2009). Hukum Kewarisan Islam Sebagai Pembaharuan Hukum Positif di Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.

Muhibbussabry, M. (2020). Fikih Mawaris. CV Pusdikra Mitra Jaya.

Muhibbussabry, M. (2024). HAK WARIS MAFQUD (ORANG HILANG) DAN PENYELESAIAN DENGAN METODE MAUQUF (PENANGGUHAN). An-Natiq Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner, 4(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33474/an-natiq.v4i1.21409

Putri, Z. F. I. (2019). Kedudukan Ahli Waris yang Berkelamin Ganda dalam Hukum Islam. Repertorium, Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Kenotariatan, 8(1), 66–80. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/rpt.v8i1.312

Suhrawardi K. Lubis dan Komis S. (2004). Hukum Waris Islam (Lengkap dan Praktis). Sinar Grafika.

Sukandarrumidi. (2008). Metodologi Penelitian: Petunjuk Praktis untuk Peneliti Pemula , Cet. ke-2. Gajah Mada University Press.

Syarifuddin, A. (2005). Hukum Kewarisan Islam. Kencana.

Umar, S. K. (2017). Hak-Hak Kewarisan Banci Dalam Hukum Islam. Al Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan, 6(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v6i1.4785

Wirawati, W. W., & Kelib, A. (2017). HAK KEWARISAN BAGI AHLI WARIS YANG MELAKUKAN OPERASI PENYESUAIAN KELAMIN GANDA (KHUNTSA) DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM. Jurnal Ius Constituendum : Journal Law by Program Studi Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang, 2(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v2i1.544

Yūsuf, A. I. al-S. I. bin ‘Alī bin. (1417). al-Muhażżab fi Fiqh al-Imām al-Syāfi’ī, Jilid V. Dar al-Kalam.

Zaki, M., & Musyaffa. (2023). Hak Waris Orang yang Berkelamin Ganda (Khuntsa Musykil) Studi Perbandingan Madzhab Maliki dan Hukum Positif Indonesia. Rayah Al-Islam, 7(3), 929–943. https://doi.org/10.37274/rais.v7i3.777

Zaman, A. Z., & Mutawassith, M. B. (2023). ANALISIS HAK WARIS BAGI TRANSGENDER MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM KEWARISAN DI INDONESIA. Mabahits: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 4(02), 120–135. https://doi.org/https://ejournal.uas.ac.id/index.php/Mabahits/article/view/1512

Published
2024-03-10
How to Cite
Muhibbussabry. (2024). Hak Waris Khunṡa dan Metode Penyelesaiannya dalam Hukum Waris Islam. Shar-E : Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Hukum Syariah, 10(1), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.37567/shar-e.v10i1.2709